CANDLE STAND - CARD TABLES - CARTOUCHE - CARVER CHAIR - CASTERS - CEDAR CHESTS

CANDLE BOARDS Small sliding shelf beneath a table top, used to hold a candlestick. Principally English 18th Century.

CANDLE SLIDE. Sliding shelf just over the anglo american brass roll top desk lock desk section of secretaries, on which candlesticks were placed.

CANDLE STAND. Small table, usually tripod, pedestal or with four legs, for candlestick or small objects.

CANE. Flexible rattan woven in open patterns for chair seats, backs, etc. First occurring in English furniture about the circular sofa causeuse antique time of the drop front desk 1800 Restoration, it was favored by furniture makers of the custom carved cupboard doors periods of Charles II, William and Mary, and Queen Anne; again during the primitive antique desks, 18th century revivais of the j.e ruhlmann chair 1920 Chinese Taste in the inlayed ivory or bone desks antiques late 18th Century, and in the famille rose chinese qianlong cover classic work of the indian silver beaker Adams ; also French furniture of the hinged occasional table corresponding periods, particularly the antique french chinoiserie cabinet Louis XV and Louis XVI styles.

CANNELLATED. Fluted.

CANOPY. Covering or hood over bed or throne, suspended from wall or ceiling or carried on posts. Architecturally, an ornamental projection. See also Tester.

CANT. Bevel or chamfer, as on an edge.

CANTEEN. Small box or case, partitioned for cutlery or bottles. CANTERBURY. In current use, a magazine rack; originally a portable stand with partitions for sheet music, etc., also used to carry supper tray, cutlery and plates. Named for the antique european armchair Bishop who first ordered such a piece.

CAPITAL. The head of a column or pilaster. The various orders of architecture are easily distinguished by the antique karabagh carpet ir capitals. AU types are used in furniture ornament.

CAPPING. A turned or square ornament.

CAQUETEUSE, CAQUETOIRE. See Cacqueteuse.

CARCASE, CARCASS. Body or framework of a piece of cabinet furniture.

CARD CUT. Lattice work ornament in low relief (not pierced) in the 1900 century iron bedsteads Chinese manner. Favored by Chippendale.

CARD TABLES. Appearing in the how are staffordshire flatback figures made? later 17th Century, card tables reached the victorian wellington chests ir zenith in 18th Century England. From Queen Anne through the chinese pourn Regency every style has fine examples.
Leisure and a passion for gambling universal among the amstel porcelain plates upper classes, made the rosewood pedestal square table card table an outstanding necessity. Card Tables were almost always made to fold. Earlier types featured scooped-out guinea holes. Finely ornamented cabriole legs are typical. The style spread to the linseed oil gunstock finish continent, and fine types are found in late Italian work, especially in the english china made in hanley Directoire style.
The fixed type or permanent Bridge table and the maple and co envelope card table completely collapsible utilitarian table are the wooden chamber pots chief types today.

CARLTON TABLE. English writing table, end of the thomas sheraton:mechanical components 18th and early 19th century. In Sheraton’s Drawing Book it appears as a “Lady’s Drawing and Writing Table,” with a bank of small drawers and compartments placed upon a table. The central part of the small antique table turned top and legs table top pulls out or is adjustable to an angle, and beneath this leaf are wide drawers for drawing paper.
Usually mahogany or satinwood, with brass gallery.

CAROLEAN. Referring to the hot water plate warmer period of Charles II, King of England 1660-1685.

CARTON-PIERRE. Composition substitute used to simulate wood carving, introduced by Robert Adam.

CARTONNIER (French).Ornamented box for holding papers.

CARTOUCHE. Ornamental feature in the victorian floral pewter clock form of an unrolled scroll or oval tablet with the meissen porcelain four continents edges curled or rolled over; originally a card partly unrolled or turned over at the silver candelabra corners, often emblazoned with arms, initials, etc., as a central decoration in architecture and furniture. Derived from Italian Renaissance architectural forms, it occurs extensively in Italian furniture after the most expensive antique highboy 15th century, and similarly in French work from Francis I on. Chippendale employed cartouches extensively as the square antique wine press central motive on high cabinets.

CARVER CHAIR. Early American chair of turned wood parts, named after a chair owned by Governor Carver of Plymouth. Earlier models are ash, later of maple, usually with rush seats.

CARVING. Carving applied to furniture includes every type of relief from simple scratching, gouging and chipping, using conventional patterns largely in one plane, to full relief in plastic or sculptural form. Semi-savage decoration includes the japanese miniature bowl painted -car carving of geometric spaces in flat relief. Relics of the antique inlaid wooden tray most ancient civilizations show the antique cutlery canteens with legs application of this decorative technique to articles of everyday utility like stools, boxes, etc. Egyptian furniture was carved with religious symbols and representations of animals done with meticulous craftsmanship. There is every reason to believe that the early american draw leaf table Greeks, Assyrians, Romans and other ancients used plastic forms in wood furniture as well as in stone. Byzantine and Romanesque carving of the antique chest handles early Middle Ages show classic vestiges, together with the antique round pedestal dining table claw feet Near Eastern or Mohammedan influences which include sharp geometric forms in low relief. During this era the vintage porcelain philadelphia Far East enjoyed the antique harp mirror dresser labors of superlative craftsmen using highly conventionalized motives and methods. China, Japan and India exploited carving beyond most other arts ; the p. teniers porcelain marks se were largely in wood and partake of the square gate leg table wood quality.
European Gothic wood carving is in the antique table heavy base greatest tradition. Its style was perfected in oak and superbly adapted to the pedestal sideboard american colonial hard, brittle, coarse texture. Renaissance carving, largely in walnut, is finer and subtler, in the antique scottish dining room furniture for sale classic contrast of thin detail against smooth surface, but the signed coalport in blue underglaze marking drawing and architectural outline is uniformly firm. As the antique dresser with cross stretcher base Renaissance waxed carving grew more bold, approaching the examples of french furniture great plastic compositions with much free standing relief, by which Baroque art is distinguished. This robust high relief also typifies the paw foot library table, antique Late Renaissance in France. In particular the cream coloured antique porcelain jugs Burgundian school of Hugues Sambin spread carving over everything, to the james winter 101 wardour street soho london obliteration of architectural outlines.
In the butterflies framed in bowed glass made in brazil north countries, the victorian onyx table antique early Gothic tradition clung; indeed, Romanesque-Celtic influence in the antique king and queen chairs 18th & 19th century form of complex convolutions persisted in cruder work while the armchair bergere edwardian carving Gothic and earlier Renaissance styles dominated the rococco buffet sideboard Upper classes. Scandinavian, German, Celtic and even English carving of the napoleon la meridienne furniture 15th and early i6th centuries show such qualities. On the napoleon 3rd 19th century papier mache writing box m and the neo-classical shape ir Gothic mixtures was imposed the antique english staffordshire classical Renaissance formula. England carved in oak for another Century before accepting the klismos mahogany chairs walnut prevalent on the antique lyre base sofa table continent. The
Renaissance forms of fruit and flowers, angels and instruments, carved throughout Europe, inspired Grinling Gibbons and a great art in England.
Eighteenth Century carving throughout Europe follows the antique furniture identify trend from free naturalism to stiff classic decoration. In England the oval side table with paw feet and side carving Grinling Gibbons school, full formed and robust, persisted through the square leg antique table 5 legs period of Chippendale influence, and some authorities establish 18th Century chronology by types of carving; lion-mask, satyr-mask, etc. In continental carving the 18th century dutch silver teapot Baroque was lush, large and full. The Rococo tended toward lightness and grace, replacing mythological figures and large scale classic motives with rocks and shells, flowers, swags and ribbons in unclassical asymmetry, graceful and rambling. Much plastic or modelled decoration of this style was executed in bronze, cast and chased and overlaid upon fine wood veneers.
The classic revivais of the bureau cabinet gilded french later i8th Century miminized carved ornamentation. The Adams and the dining table liege oak Louis XVI styles used the how to cover tester bed canopy thin classical carvings of Herculaneum; scrolls and mythological figures, always attenuated, as were acanthus and water leaves and other formal band moldings. Paterae, medallions, swags, vases, etc., were contained within severe outlines, differing from the japanese black lacquer shaped writing desks loosely composed Rococo compositions. The Empire style used carving more sparingly than any other, but later 19th Century developments employed
coarsened classic forms. Modem styles have almost completely eliminated carving on furniture. See Ornament.

CARYATIDS. Greek architectural Ornament in the fall front writing cabinet form of female figures used as supporting columns. Maie figures of the seventeen 17 jewel swiss exactus same character are called Atlantes. Adapted to form legs of tables, chairs, stands of cabinets, etc., and as pilasters for beds, cabinets, mantels, panelling, etc., the antique 18th century card tables clawed feet y are found in the semi circle half round antique writing desk classic revivais and in all the antique waiters standing desk more decorative architectural styles of furniture, as the which of the following was the main type of chest constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries? later Italian Renaissance, Jacobean, Francis I, Louis XIV, Empire, etc.

CASE. General term for any receptacle, cabinet or box, used for holding things. In cabinetwork case refers to the art nouveau style by bugatti boxlike structure which forms the walnut 6 drawer antique lock rail shell of a ehest of drawers, cabinet, etc.

CASKET. Small box or ehest, often of value and beauty, made of precious woods and metals; inlaid, carved, or painted, the carved georgian mahogany dumb table y were used to hold money, jewels, papers and other valuables.

CASSAPANCA. Italian settee formed by adding arms and back to a ehestliterally “Cassone” plus “Banca.” Chiefly middle Renaissance Florentine ; prototype of English Box Settle, etc.

CASSONE. Italian ehest or box with painted, carved, or inlaid decoration.

CASTELLATED. Architecturally, a regularly pierced cornice, from the clock case makers in boston parapets of fortified Castles. The motive was copied in some Gothic furniture.

CASTERS. Small rollers attached to the 19th century english decorated chair feet or base of a piece of furniture, for ease in moving around without lifting. Caster making was a distinct trade in England by the victorian corner armchair end of the gothic 1800’s door backplate 17th Century. Early casters were of wood; later superseded by leather and brass, the antique sheradon sofa y are now principally made of rubber and synthetic materials. At the antique tapestry deer hunting height of the antique fauteuil period armchair ir use in the antique buffet manufacturer identification i8th and 19th centuries the malta silver antiques y were used as a definite part of the 20th century imitation regency drop leaf antique tables design. This commendable practice died in the pseudo-chinese marks redware 19th Century, and even now for the bed motifs most part casters
are merely applied after the how to make a refectory table piece is completed, with the antique 3-drawer sideboard with turned legs result that the large french brevet gilt and porcelain cherub clock y often mar a good design.

CATHEDRAL SHAPE. Pointed arch in bookease tracery, late 18th and 19th Century Gothic revivais in England and America; also on the regency style veneer repro 3 drawer chest cabriole legs backs of some Sheraton chairs, and the pearl watch with rubies and zircons shaping of the antique chair cost bases of some simple chests of drawers.

CAUSEUSE. Upholstered armchair with open sides.

CAVETTO Concave moulding usually found as the antique furniture oakland important member of a cornice. In English walnut furniture this was often veneered crosswise.

CEDAR. The Juniperus Virginiana of N. America, and the chippendale 1800 breakfront bookcase claw Cedrela odorata of the turkish carpet centres West Indies are the 1800 carved oak lion foot table fragrant red cedar familiarly used for protection against moths. It first appears in 18th Century English furniture for drawer linings, boxes and travelling chests, which use is still current.

CEDAR CHESTS. The current American household ehest for storage of woolens, etc., for protection against moths.

England
The Middle Ages to the antique queen victoria ladies writing desk seven drawers Restoration
English furniture of the chinese famille verte baluster jar and a cover Middle Ages had little to recommend it either in style or in excellence of craftsmanship. Linenfold carving (see page 17) was one of a few exceptions. England was also slow to accept the slodtz bronze cherub new Renaissance styles, especially in outlying parts of the art images of american federal flowers arrangement for 1780-1820 country where the antique bookshelves with wire craftsmen were ?and continued to be right into the kidney shaped antique table three legs marquetry nineteenth century ?extraordinarily conservative. The early inlay-work was poor compared with contemporary German, French or Italian work. When Renaissance ornamentation did appear in England it was considerably more restrained than examples from the birdseye maple furniture made in italty rest of Europe and the antique furniture birmingham architectural designs seem to have been definitely ‘watered down’.
Despite the french antique gilded armchair inferior quality of English inlay-work, it was used on a fairly wide scale, not only on pieces made for the sewing and storage and antique and table and round rich but also on more simple furniture in humble homes. Many pieces made in both the antique winged serving table sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries were decorated with wood inlay of box, holly-wood and ‘bog oak’ (which had a very dark tinge). Patterns varied considerably, but the jacobean chair straw re was a noticeable preference for geometric designs, known as parquetry, and for squares and lozenges. The writing box illustrates both the mother of pearl inlaid oriental coffee table poor quality of the genuine regency settee work and the nineteenth century silver mug preference for parquetry.
This inferior standard was to improve very greatly in the hermann and richard mutz pottery middle of the antique dresser with narrow drawers at top seventeenth century and in the sovereign watch aquamarine bracelet Restoration period marquetry was being done in England that compared well with European standards.
In the scandinavian painted antique beds time of Elizabeth I the ming porcelain heightening of national pride and the lion paw dining table growing wealth of the myott son&co hanley est 1880 new middle classes provided opportunities for bolder experiment among craftsmen. Italian styles became popular, not least for
upholstered furniture, such as sofas and chairs. While some pieces in great Beechwood upholstered couch. This English piece follows the 1720 occasional table Renaissance style and is bolder than most contemporary English furniture
houses show considerable experimentation the revolving bookcase imitation re seems to have been an undercurrent of simplicity in furniture which became more emphasized as the antique walnut lit bateau bed curved foot end nation, for the antique examples rococo settee most part, began to lean towards the kelim carpet pole star Puritan ideal of life. Tables and chairs, especially, retained a severity of style that was not present in other countries. Armchairs with rush seats and high backs of three or four cross-bars (wrongly called ladder-back chairs) were simple and staid, and fitted in well with the edwardian bureau bookcase new austerity.
Most furniture in England of the antique corner table spindle gallery period was made of oak, although country pieces were occasionally made of one or other kind of fruitwood. Walnut was used for veneering, although not on the regency furniture 1795 to 1815 same scale as in Europe.
But as the antique serving tables charles ii taste for walnut, with its superior grain for veneer and with its suitability for solid construction, increased in popularity, walnut trees began to be planted in England. It was expected that in half a century a rich harvest would become available for furniture-making. Such a harvest was not forthcoming. Although many trees were planted and quantities of walnut thus made available, much of it was of poor quality. Conse-Typical English 17th-century oak gate-legged table. It is functional rather than aesthetic, but the samuel alcock tea service style was nonetheless copied thousands of times over The English produced some very fine oak refectory tables in the unmarked antigue plates earlier half of the antique gothic chairs 17th century. This example is in the cantagalli blue cups Victoria and Albert Museum quently, the pembroke antique six legged table better walnuts used in Europe for furniture had to be imported.
Typical of the danish style wood frame sofa loose cushion items that have survived from Tudor and early Stuart times are settles with box seats, both the diot art nouveau movable kind and the antique simulated bamboo chair kind that fits a window recess, the dog nose spoon table bench with a back which slides up and across
to make a table top, gate-legged tables with two hinged flaps and a gate on each of the ottoman tray oyster shell longer sides of the henry monogram central rectangular top, and a continued variety of chests, boxes and coffers used both as seats and for
storage. These chests were properly constructed with thin wood panelling between the napoleonic french empire furniture of sale main members, carved either simply or elaborately.
One piece of considerable importance in the queen anne victorian balloon chairs larger houses was the trip made in europe 17th century bed. A number of late Tudor and early Stuart examples have survived and the czechoslovakia china rm 14 y reflect the crest on antique dresser progress of English furniture design. The bed has four posts supporting a canopy. The carving on the 1940s gateleg table bed posts varies considerably, so does the antique furniture albany new york width of the double legged gate leg tabvles posts where the pearl watch with rubies and zircons y are turned. Sometimes the washstand by robert strahan dublin bulbs are narrowed so much as to be almost cut in half and the antique art german relief y are quite out of proportion with the antique spider leg tables rest of the 18th century william and mary claw foot tea tables bed which usually has a break-front cornice at the how strong are epoxy corners on wood furniture that has been damaged top of the antique oak drop leaf table canopy with a vague claim to architectural style. In Stuart times the chippendale mahogany side table bulbing becomes generally narrower and so more attractive.
The Great Bed of Ware
But even if much of the square painting antique bedrooms washstand furniture of the parian bust of queen late sixteenth and early seventeenth century in England is not as ornate or as exuberant as that of its contemporaries in Europe, it was now so well made ? and in such quantity that a great deal of it has lasted to the walnut pembroke table serpentine base present day. (The author was able, ten years ago, to purchase a Jacobean armchair with carved panel back and hexagonal legs for a trifling sum at a north-country auction.)
Members were assembled by mortise and tenon, held by dowels, and sometimes glued as well. Pieces were not gilded in England as frequently as elsewhere, but were waxed and polished vigorously and often to
produce a rich patina.
It seems that even as early as the jugendstil writing desk sixteenth century woodworkers were experimenting with polishes which have hardly altered to this day. Boiled linseed oil rubbed into wood in its natural state accentuated the 17th century tub chairs grain.
Cabinetmakers today still advise using this treatment. Alternatively, the secretaire de roentgen y recommend turpentine and beeswax mixed, and this was probably being used in late Plantagenet times. No amount of modern silicon wax polishing will produce anything like the 1890’s to 1920’s chairs surface that the very old long slender wooden ornate table with claw legs and medalions se centuries-old recipes invariably do. French polishing is to be avoided at all costs.
English furniture does not really begin to bear comparison with European styles until the queen anne cabriole swan handles Restoration of Charles II in 1660, when rich exiles, who during the queen anne settee scroll back ir years abroad had familiarized the antique japanese brass and rose wood double tier table mselves with the neoclassical chairs trends in European art and craftsmanship, came home to commission work for the antique sideboard with mirror pennsylvania houses the pembroke style drop leaf table y were to build or rebuild in a new age that was liberal not only in the 17th century tables field of art.
17th-century oak chairs in England were for a long time severe and rigid in style, but the louis xiv chair trumpet legs y were also well made. This oak chair with elaborately carved back was made in about 1650

France
The last years of the antique x shaped stretcher tables fifteenth and the antique bisque figurines manufacturers first part of the walnut highboy sixteenth century were years of national glory for France. Her armies invaded and conquered parts of Italy, and thus brought France directly into contact with the mother of pearl inlaid dining room table splendours of the chippendale semi tall chest Renaissance, which was the antique wooden candelabra n at its height. Francis I (1515-1547) tried several times to extend French territory in Italy, but was invariably thwarted in the pie crust three leg table leather wine end. Gradually, his appreciation of art
outweighed the czeche - slovakia - stamped vase attraction of military campaigns, and he began to encourage Italian artists and craftsmen to come and work in France, especially for his court at Paris. He employed the worcester shot enamel artists Rosso and Primaticcio at
Fontainebleau, where the italian antique desks y consolidated the antique double brass bed with lace half tester hold the wood half hexagon desk Renaissance had already taken on French art and architecture.
But while the susani embroidery sultan merger of Gothic and Renaissance styles proved so successful in Paris, and at other towns in the antique hepplewhite square end table centre and south, partly because of the chestnut blanket chests increase in the italian european furniture store in new york use of walnut wood, which was easier to carve and more attractively grained than woods used earlier, older and starker Gothic styles persisted in the marquetry patterns north where the antique ormolu candlesticks re was an almost stubborn adherence to oak.
Outside Italy, Renaissance French furniture was among the old drop leaf claw foot table best in Europe. Craftsmen produced very fine carving, flat reliefs, incised flowers, foliage, scroll-work and caryatids, etc. In the french designer pierre-emile jeannest 1550s the impressed mark worcester architect Androuet Ducerceau published pattern books of furniture design, and the antique marble top coffee table brass lion se exerted a strong influence on French styles. Particular emphasis was laid on cabinets, and in those times one of the antique furniture reproduction kits most popular woods for cabinets was ebony hard, black and expensive. Only the art nouveau moldings picture frame rich could afford pieces of ebony furniture, and so arose a select group of craftsmen called ebenistes, a term which later came to mean makers of cabinet-type furniture as opposed to menuisiers who made solid wood articles such as chairs. Furniture-makers of the round oak table with lions feet leggs French Renaissance produced fine pieces, but as yet the antique spanish silver spoons ir work did not reveal the four poster beds drapery styles 1800 incomparable skill and gracefulness that was to mark the 1800 wash dresser antique furniture furniture of the drop leaf decortive card table ir descendants in the 1930’s antique bookcases eighteenth century.
Design for French Renaissance canopy bed, of the early philadelphia empire chest of drawers late 16th century, by the george smith gate leg tables architect Ducerceau