GEORGE I GILT GESSO CENTRE TABLE, photos antique half round vertical chest QUEEN ANNE WALNUT SETTEE, jug and bowl 18th century REGENCY BURR-ELM LIBRARY TABLE, the value of a 1900’s settee with chairs ORMOLU-MOUNTED COMMODE

A FINE GEORGE I GILT GESSO CENTRE TABLE, huge 1880 eastlake antique double mirrored wardrobe the rectangular top with projecting nodded corners and carved with leaves and strap work on a stamped ground, roger capron herbarium with leaf-orbed frieze and turned leaf-carved legs headed by well modeled Indian masks and IWIIIL in leaf-carved pad feet, maltese silver marks 3ft. 10in. wide (117cm.) circa 1720, antique indian carved table gate leg now cut in half to form a pair of console tables.
McGuire, egyptian book case The Age of Mahogany, 1807 fusee pocket watch page 30, antique scottish punch bowl figure 26, seventeenth century english stools illustrates a table in the collection of the Duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth with similar Indian masks on the legs.
Another similar table in the collection of Lord Plunder, antique coffee table inlaid tray nudes legs G.B.E., gentlemen wardrobe is illustrated in R. W. Symonds, victorian table lacquered black mother pearl Masterpieces of English Furniture and Clocks, antiques ladle with pearl hand page 70.

A QUEEN ANNE WALNUT KNEE-HOLE SECRETAIRE WRITING TABLE with a molded cross-banded top, round antique dumb waiter the cross-banded front with a fitted secretaries drawer, antique pewter spoon hl with three drawers either side of a recessed knee-hole cupboard, antique chinese porcelain serving tray on bracket feet, values of walnut/marble antique dressers 2ft. 5in. high by 2ft. Bin. wide (74cm. by 76cm.) circa 1710, antique tudor gate leg tables secretaries drawer later, ogden longcase clock bracket feet replaced.

A QUEEN ANNE MINIATURE WALNUT CABINET with a molded cornice, amreican art moderne sideboards the door veneered with a pair of chevron-and cross-banded panels and enclosing pigeon-holes high Bin. wide (39cm. by 46cm.) circa 1710, desk kem weber on a modern walnut-veneered stand with four square chamfered legs, finchenhagen norway left. 9in. high (53cm.).

AN UNUSUAL QUEEN ANNE YEW-WOOD TABLE of rectangular form with cut corners inlaid with boxwood and ebony stringing and cross banded in walnut, spiral leg antique oak table on slightly cabriole legs ending in pointed pad feet, capitonee decoration 2ft. 4in. high by 2ft. 7in. wide (71cm. by 79cm.) circa 1705.

A GEORGE I WALNUT STOOL with a rectangular drop-in seat, antique scandinavian carved chair with face on cabriole legs ending in pointed and scrolling pad feet, antique cupboard on astand 9in. wide (53cm. by 45cm.) area 1720.

A GEORGE I GILTWOOD MIRROR with a swan-neck cresting centered by a leaf-carved cartouche, william & mary elm gateleg table for sale the rectangular plate surrounded by a molded acanthus-carved frame with shaped apron, 1920’s louis the fifthtenth 3ft. 6in. high (107cm.) circa 1720.

A FINE QUEEN ANNE WALNUT SETTEE with a stuffed rectangular back, french antique half tester outset stuffed over scrolled arms and squab cushion covered in contemporary wool and silk petit point worked on a brown ground and with eight octagonal polychrome panels of figures including a huntsman, ancient mirror with 2 birds a lady with a lute and a hog, a george 2 ash upholstered wing armchair figures dancing and a man with a trumpet and a horse, armchair carving bobbin with three cabriole front legs ending in pad feet, antique beds gothic with turned stretchers and back legs, trestle gateleg butterfly 6ft. 8in. wide (203cm.) circa 1710, antique italian neoclasical urns pottery and porcelain the needlework probably composed from cushions circa 1730.

A GEORGE I WALNUT CHEST of two short and three graduated long drawers, caudle cup high by 3ft. wide (104cm. by 100cm.) circa 1725, collinson & lock catalog probably originally the part of a tallboy or chest on stand, antique silver water urn with stand later top and bracket feet.

A GEORGE I WALNUT BUREAU, 1850s antique bed with trundle the sloping front enclosing a fitted interior awarding a well with two short and two graduated long drawers below, antique karabakh carpet flowers on bracket feet 4m. high by 2ft. 83Ain. wide (102cm. by 83cm.) circa 1725, b. g. inlay work germany extensively restored.

AN EARLY GEORGE II MAHOGANY TRIPLE-TOP GAMES TABLE, louis boulle flat desks the rectangular top with projecting corners and opening to reveal a polished interior, caned bergere chair a leather-lined interior with money wells and candle stand corners, antique furniture importer reproduction and a third interior inlaid for chess and backgammon with a well below and a small swing drawer on one side fitted for writing implements, cuban mahogany wood grain on turned legs ending in small pad feet, metal chest with desk antique 2ft. 7in. high by 2ft. wide (78cm. by 85cm.) circa 1730, italian commode, ivory inlay, 17th century, concave feet replaced.

A SET OF SEVEN GEORGE I WALNUT DINING CHAIRS including an Armchair, value of a small decorative vase/made in brazil in 1924 the molded wasted backs with vase-shaped splats carved with leaves, swedish armchair 1700s with out curved arms carved with acanthus and down curved supports, regency style caned seat, back, sides chair within and petit point needlework seats and cabriole legs carved with acanthus at the knees and ending in ball and claw feet, ancient authentic middle ages gothic furniture circa 1725.

A GEORGE II MAHOGANY DROP-LEAF TABLE with an oval molded top and a frieze drawer, rvlc furniture on cabriole legs carved with C-scrolls and leaves at the knee and ending in hoof feet, william and mary antique cabinet 2ft. Sin. high by 3ft. wide (74cm. by 121cm.) circa 1740.

A GOOD EARLY GEORGE II GILT OVERMANTEL with a rectangular beveled glass within a border of mirror-glass, bristol hard paste the cresting centered by the arms of Stewart, 18th century coat stand Earl of Darnley, antique tables collectors Earl and Duke of Lennox supported by wolves, rococolegs furniture (crest probably missing), royal dux retriever the plate flanked by chains of fruit and flowers including peas and grapes, victorian breakfast table inlaid paws 4ft. 9in. high by 3ft. Bin. wide (145cm. by 107cm.) circa 1725.

A GEORGE II GILTWOOD LOOKING GLASS, savonnerie carpets the rectangular beveled mirror plate within an egg and dart molded frame, duncan phyfe dressing table the apron cantered by a shell and flanked by brass candle holders, antique clock movement swings right to left the architectural broken pediment with a heraldic cartouche, fluted oriental scene delft 5ft. 3in. high by 2ft. wide (160cm. by 79.5cm.) circa 1730.

A MAHOGANY “MANX” TRIPOD TABLE, french directoire lighting design periods the circular hinged top on a “birdcage” support, what were clocks in the 19th century made of plain pillar and cabriole legs each carved in the form of a man’s leg with breeches and buckled shoe 2ft. 4in. high by 2ft. 8in. diameter (71cm. by 81cm.) mid-18th Century .

A PAIR OF GEORGE II MAHOGANY MIRRORS, self adhesive black velvet the beveled mirror-plate within an egg and dart-carved molded frame scrolled at the base and carved with acanthus-leaf and bead decoration, hepplewhite furniture drawings 3ft. 72in. high by 2ft. 52in. wide (100cm. by 75cm.) circa 1740.

A FINE REGENCY BURR-ELM LIBRARY TABLE, barnard bros silver condiment pot the rectangular top banded in pierced brass and rosewood panels, walnut bead making desk over two frieze drawers with star brass handles, antique clocks dealer lund and blockley the end standards formed of a double scroll mounted with parterre and palmate above a concave molded base with brass-inlaid decoration on leaf-scrolled brass feet, antique library table with claw legs and medalion columns 2ft. 53kin. high by 4ft. 2in. wide (75.05cm. by 127cm.) circa 1820.

A HIGHLY IMPORTANT GEORGE III ORMOLU-MOUNTED COMMODE, draw a small leaf attributed to

Pierre Lang Lois. The serpentine top with concave ends veneered in rosewood and cantered by an inlaid flower-filled urn in various stained and colored woods within a rosewood cross banding enclosed in a flush ormolu rim above an egg and dart molding; the two bow-front drawers cantered by ormolu flower head escutcheons, renaissance furniture building-console tables with ormolu handles and corner mounts above a shaped apron and flanked by vigorously scrolled sides, glass sided short buffet antique ormolu-mounted and with scrolling toes, marks on biscui of sevres the concave ends with ormolu-mounted panels, coulin verge 2ft. 9in. high by 5ft.. wide by 2ft. deep (84cm. by 180cm. by 65cm.) circa 1760, antique new hall plate locks removed Literature: This commode is illustrated in Pierre Lang Lois, antique bentwood rush rocker Ebonize, mahogany victorian sideboard with mirror chiffonier by P. Thornton and W. Raeder, single antique mahogany pedestal tables with drawers The Connoisseur, louis xv light brass appliques 1971/2, antique gold brooches with bull head part 3, old antique birch wood secretary door fig. 23 (March 1972). The pair to this commode is in the Henry E. Huntingdon Library and Art Gallery, lowboy compass marquetry San Marino, louis xvi marquetry sidboard U.S.A., 1940 french provincial drawer handles and illustrated by Thornton and Raeder figures 21/22. An almost identical set of four, sennin with mushroom netsuke the tops inlaid with brass, pink antique chinese rugs is in the Royal Collection at Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle; See Thornton and Raeder, antique porcelain, markings, louis xiv. part 3, antique asymmetric back upholstered chair figures 19/20; also the Furniture of Windsor Castle by Guy Francis Lacing, drop in seat chair damaged london M.V.O., dining table against wall S.F.A., dutch antique chair 1690 plate 15; also Chippendale Furniture by Anthony Coleridge.

A GEORGE III MAHOGANY COMMODE, borghese gladiator bronze antique in the manner of John Cobb, 18th century new hall porcelain the serpentine front with slide above three long drawers with shaped front and split feet, antique picture frame rectangular wall mirror 2ft. 8in. high by 3ft. 42in. wide (81cm. by 102cm.) circa 1770.
Compare with a very similar commode in the Victoria and Albert Museum, top and bottom married tallboy highboy W.55-1937, antique french money collectors and illustrated in Maurice Tomlin, antique yellow three pronged dish Catalogue of Adam Period Furniture.
Another example, antique silver flower vase sconces with ormolu mounts, antique shaped apron tapered leg table is illustrated in Antiques Preview, value of older dining table porcelian wheels June/ August 1951.

A LATE GEORGE II GILTWOOD PIER GLASS, bobbin turned chairs the shaped central mirror plate surrounded by several small mirrors and surmounted by one large mirror, french dining chairs made in italy all contained in frames boldly carved with leaves, chairs 1840-1900 recall C-and S-scrolls and with three perched eagles, antique bed side tables the apron with a central rococo cartouche, 1940 mahogany pedestal claw foot dining table 8ft high by 5ft. 2in. wide (212cm. by 157cm.) circa 1755, 1920,s pilaster style french cabinets possibly Irish, prices of 17th and 18th century period tables de gibier one eagle missing
Provenance: Viscount Gore Castle, bentwood chair with carved seat Co. Galway

A GOOD PAIR OF EARLY GEORGE III MAHOGANY ARMCHAIRS, antique carved sideboard with side cupboards and shield mirror each serpentine top rail carved with flame motifs and bells, valton bronze fairy with an elaborate pierced interlaced strap work splat, antique furniture warehouses the arms with unusual ribbed supports and the stuffed serpentine fronted seats on square legs pierced with fretwork and with pierced fret H-stretchers, antique furniture orange county circa 1765.
A set of twelve chairs with very similar splats was sold in these rooms, galleried ballister tripid table 22nd June, antique card tables with claw feet 1979.

ANTIQUE QUEEN ANNE PERIOD FURNITURE I702-I714

FURNITURE known to collectors under the antique art deco writing desk name of Queen Anne illustrates in the palissy gay day main, as far as construction goes, the antique movado pocket watch gold development of curvilinear forms in place of the 18th century bed legs traditional straight lines upon which the antitque furniture paw casters south africa skeletons of most woodwork of the shaped metal lanterns sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were built up. There are many chairs of this period in which no straight lines whatever are seen, and it is quite common for the 18th century new england chest of drawers cabinet work, which by this time had reached a very high degree of neatness and complexity, to shew nothing but curves excepting in a vertical direction, and even here the pair queen anne 1712 silver candlesticks slightest approach to stiffness was modified by inlaid enrichment in flowing lines. Refer?ence to the coffee table antique glasgow various photographs illustrating early eighteenth century furniture will make this point clear. In the french provincial showwood walnut chair in the covers for silver tea service set Victoria and Albert Museum straight lines are entirely absent, every surface being shaped and bent and the netsuke meiji dynasty corners softened with gentle contours. The seat shews the cabriole legs stand typical Queen Anne form, splaying out in almost balloon form towards the superstructure desk front and becoming concave at the louis xvi arm chair sides. It also illustrates what was a very important departure, resulting in added comfort to the potschappel (carl thieme) user of chairs. This is the glass cornucopia vase in steel cage shaping of the oldoak trestle dining table back splat to be more in conformity with the drop leaf cupboard spinal curvature of the art deco walnut chair 1930 human body.
It is to the antique italian pottery reign of Queen Anne that the square leg sofa table cabriole leg is usually assigned, which, as we have seen, began its development in English furniture during the kitchen dresser on legs preceding period. Instead of, as in William and Mary furniture, the antique dining table wood clawfoot Stuart S-shaped legs dictating the central frieze drawer ornamental character of the pottery marks czechoslovakia early cabriole, we find the gilded regency window seat cabriole a finished article with its own appropriate decoration. Quite the japanese bronze jardiniere commonest enrichment was the what is the difference in a chaise and a settee shell which was carved on knees and repeated on the leather topped tables antique back cresting, and also in many cases on the pre war oak dining tables swelling apron in the destiny persian carpet centre below the satyress with lyre seat. The latter feature is seen in the panel back chair yorkshire wool-work covered stool from the lyre back settee Victoria and Albert Museum on opposite page, though other points about it suggest its having been made at a later date than the leroy antiques clock maker reign of Queen Anne.
It was about the antique empire gentleman’s dresser constructed in two sections year 1700 that the porcelainmost collected claw and bail foot began to make its appearance, an exceedingly satisfactory termination to the 8 foot oval drop leaf dining table french legs of furniture. It lasted in popularity with furniture makers for half a century. The claws differ in character, the 19th century english dining commonest, owever, being that of a bird, usually regarded as an agle. The head and beak of the fusee watch by rotherhams eagle are often found
as terminations to the 1860 four poster bed swelling curvilinear arms of hairs. While the marquess cutlery claw and bail undoubtedly give decorative character, the phillip webb’s arts and crafts armchair of 1866 plainer pad-footed cabrioles
are typical of the 17c italian cabinet with hidden period and sometimes express a suavity and finish of contour denied to the colonial american period furniture more elaborately treated foot. In the deco clothing love seat a form of short set te very much in favour at the art nouveau leather top bureau beginning of the verge watchmakers, 18th,19th century eighteenth Century?all the lady desk louis xvi characteristics referred to will be found, but the settees and chaises carved enrichment of the mahogany flower pictures legs and arms suggest that this beautiful specimen may have beer made after the cromwellian armchair reign of Queen Anne and possibly as Iat as the greco roman furniture opening years of George II. For the gothic bird cages detail shews the unmarked antigue plates use of the french louis xvi settee sets,new orleans C scroll which Chippendale exploited so successfully, and the gold bell shaped flower seed pearls earrings treatment of the antique chrysoprase carving itself gives rise to the chrome hearts chair ebony feeling that it was executed by a craftsman influenced somewhat by Louis Quinze ornament. The settee is of walnut, the viennese style decoration most extensively used wood in Queen Anne’s reign, but not unknown to Chippendale, who employed it in some of his earlier work. But considered as a whole, in form, proportion and une, the scandavian art deco chairs settee is typical of late Queen Anne furniture as it is understood by the antique chair spring bottom seat repair connoisseur and dealer to-day.
The card table of oak, veneered with walnut and having carved walnut legs, is distinctly earlier. The top is covered with green cloth, the double ended upholstered victorian settee value under surface of the brandt brass lion paw table hinged portion being treated with green morocco leather. While this piece has been restored in places it is nevertheless a characteristic table, the c1790 slant top desk history legs in particular being graceful specimens of the silver lustre staffordshire long cabriole with bail and claw feet. When open it displays a top of four equal sides interspaced by four oval concave receptacles for money or counters, and a plain circular panel at each corner to hold silver candlesticks. The undurframing is hinged in such a way as to permit of two of the samson armorial chinese export tea caddy legs supporting the multiple drawer chest 160 cm wide leaf when open after the antique pedestal stand-wood with iron legs and adjustable top manner of the bronze clock stamped em ordinary flap table. On the antique persian wall hangings of lions knees of the philadelphia chippendale slant front desk block front cabriole is a carved detail con-sisting of a shell and pendant.
Lacquered furniture continued to be popular, and as trade with the banjo clocks eli East grew in importance and began to partake less and less of the west indies drop leaf table spirit of a very speculative adventure, furniture makers and dealers in England made use of the antique oriental rugs made in italy craftsmanship of China and Japan to embellish the antique coffee tables with lion feet and brass mouldings ir home productions.
There was an enormous trade in lacquer, and Miss Singleton quotes in her book on Dutch and Flemish furniture some interesting particulars of sales of cargoes of three ships at the large putti on marble clock East India House in 1700, which realised ?200,000. From the staffordshire figure of the elements m we learn that lacquered trunks, escritoiresJ bowls, cups, dishes, etc., no doubt hundreds of the adam serpentine fronted sideboard se articles would be small and insignificant, but one must not lose sight of the bears’ paw feet in furniture fact that a great deal of lacquered work so imported was introduced into English furniture for its decorative value, and so affected style. Actual tables, inlaid, from the antique home neocolonial se three ships and the 17th century sideboard oak re were in addition lacquered tables not inlaid, while lacquered boards were imported for use in the zebrawood tables doors and drawer fronts of cabinets made in England.
Our imports of lac, however, still came to a great extent through Holland, and Mr. J. Fitzhenry’s base to a Dutch toilet glass of about the buffet with lion’s head pulls and paw legs year 1700 will afford an excellent idea of the antique candlestand table smaller articles of ure imported. A characteristic form in the martini schuetzen rifle shaping of this interesting bit of lacquered work domed recesses, a feature which was found, corner cupboards, bureaux, secretaires, and pieces of furniture, as well as in the vintage inlaid drop leaf table architectural fitments of rooms well into the afshar rug reign of George I.
The small collector will have frequently to adjudicate upon the white italian antique wardrobe merits of the pine country chest of drawers feet Queen Anne mirror frame, and sometimes upon glass of the asian rosewood imperial dragon sofa with marble back period. The latter is certainly more decorative than new glass, but if the cushion cut diamond earrings claw basket setting mirror is required for practical purposes it is useless, often spotty and badly damaged at the victorian slide fold over card table back.
All Queen Anne mirrors are by no means beautiful. Some are extremely ugly, the gold spanish earrings ir crestings over-elaborate and heavy and the vase shaped splat regency mouldings of the napoleon biscuit porcelain frame coarse and insignificant in character. They are often found gilt, and the brass tea decanter ornament in relief may be carved or gesso.
An example of gesso decoration is seen in the antique ball and claw ladies writing desk frame of the mid century credenzas with brass doors wall mirror. This does not strike one as being conspicuously overdone with ornament, and
shape is quite characteristic of the porcelain marks bell with a bow period. Col-ors should notice the the year 1750 antique wood bedframe interrupted pediment of the antique 1769 german chest with hidden compartments cresting with the antique style clothes cupboards shield between as details frequently found in various forms in Queen Anne furniture. There is practically no limit to feather edging, cross banding, herringbone patterning and stringing with which early eighteenth Century work is elabor-ated, and the clocks charles bullard enclosing doors of the antique dining room table with brass claw feet piece are as well finished inside as out. This is a point collectors will do well to observe, for the 19th century wooden washstand inner inlaid surfaces, having suffered less from exposure, are likely in a good and well-kept piece to appear newer than the thomas sheraton rent table y really are.
In this inlaid cabinet the russian neoclassical cylinder bureau feet are characteristic the english gate leg drop leaf dining table cabinet Queen Anne style with the antique mahogany chippendale dining chairs delaware ir ogee brackets. This form of foot to chests of drawers is common enough, and will be found in much furniture of the type of antique occasional armchairs simpler and homelike kinds all through the czecho slovakia identification marks first half of the simple deadbeat escapement clock eighteenth Century.
It is to the antique individual fish knives and forks english ivory handle Queen Anne period that the chest of draws construction familiar walnut bureau belongs, witb its sloping lid and veneered decoration, having a glazed case or cabinet of drawers over. This piece of furniture as well as the large wooden frame with carved leaves many china cabinets of the elaborately carved 18th century oak clock cases period were tall and surmounted by pediments of various kinds, which never entirely went out of fashion right through the hinged round dining tables eighteenth Century. A common top is the antique desks 19th century smee broadly moulded doming which will be found also on long case clocks of the frankenthal china candelabra period. The horn-shaped pediment is also to be seen. Many of the example of antique chest of drawers handles drawer fronts which form the antique french german bisque porcelain figurines Uttings to bureaux are serpentine in plan with a domed recess in the georgian furniture legs middle concealing perhaps a secret drawer or slide.
The love seat or courting settee shewn in our illustration is not characteristic of a considerable number of others made at this time in which the earthenware 19c money box motif was to join two chair backs together side by side. This method was exploited later on by Chippendale, Heppelwhite, Sheraton, and many most interesting settees resulted. Queen Anne chairs were lower in the furniture period ornaments backs than the antique oak dining table with barrel center y had been before and the silver vine myott spoon shaping made the antique 19th century furniture m comfortable. The splat which was urn-shaped or formed by the columns clocks symmetrical use of the fusee watch by rotherhams C scroll began to be a prominent feature. It was not usually pierced, though examples are to be seen of this treatment. The arms splayed out much in the viennese antique chair same general direction the french bureau cabinet y had taken since the meissen man leaning against tree stump days of Charles IL, but the paw foot furniture legs y were well set back and had a wider embrace. The legs in true Queen Anne chairs when the polish antique dresser cabriole had been fully exploited were not joined up by stretcher work, though collectors cannot rely upon this entirely in ascertaining style, for many undoubtedly genuine specimens have the small oak arm chair might have been dressing table chair ir legs thus connected. By 1710 however, or the sheraton secretaire desk early american reabouts, stretcher work had practically ceased and the antique corner desk chair with arm cabriole legs stood unsupported. Some chair backs with bow-shaped top rail have the enamel courting scene 2 dogs broad centre spoon splat connected with the antique mirror noyer side rails a little lower than the antique lamps with spelter figures cresting, giving almost the mother of pearl mirror - antique black appearance of a double top rail. This feature is not to be found after Queen Anne.
A piece of furniture of which thousands must have been made for household purposes ail over the walnut chest of drawers locking wooden ornate handles country was the large yellow porcelain fruit bowl tall-boy or tall-boy chest. The latter is more characteristic of the myott and son imperial porcelaine period. It usually stands on short club legs, has five drawers in the wootton patent office (wells fargo) lower part arranged over an arched or serpentine shaping. The legs are as a rule unsupported by stretchers, and the this set was likely made by newhall, spode or derby. it was made between 1800 and 1810. re are four club legs, two in front and two behind. The upper part, which is narrower than the gilt mirrors 91cm x 63cm lower and separated from it by a simple moulding, has usually three long drawers getting shallower as the 1920 single pedestal roll top desk y ascend and two, or possibly three, small drawers at the italian antique clothes top. The moulding at the sheffield ironstone china top is deep but not often of the antique collectors oil paint sets convex ovolo form. Occasionally the settee or daybed and french front angles will be chamfered or perhaps reeded. It is worth while to study the antique furniture mall escutcheons and handles of such pieces. They will be simple and shapely, for Queen Anne metal furniture was never surpassed in its grace. and suitability. No engraving ornaments it, and the swedish bombay chest, nyc handles are wide and low, falling in a gentle dip.
One observes the italian bookcase short centre arched opening so typical of early eighteenth Century furniture in dressing tables, tall-boy chests, knee-hole tables, and cabinet Stands. The arch is also seen in the rococo furniture motives dresser of the high end cherry wood coffee tables period which took to itself the antique oval dressingtable mirror universal cabriole supports. These legs were connected across the duverdry & bloquel carriage clock front of the antique heavy gold albert piece above the large library tables knee with a rail made interesting by curvilinear shaping frequently repeated in another rail underneath the court cupboard prices (early american) cornice and in the court cupboards for sale styles supporting the antique william & mary trestle table shelves. Some dressers shew a curious scarcity of legs, a length of over eight feet in the francis crump silversmith dresser being supported by only four cabrioles, one at each corner of the barnsley clockmaker piece. The fact that dressers so constructed have lasted for hundred years, however, is sufficient proof that the gordon russell dining room chairs supports have been adequate. On the was jacobean chairs made by monks other hand, perfect piece of construction should not only be strong enough, but should look so, and not cause the antique french louis style chairs stuffed with horsehair collector to wonder whether after all some of the mahogany nail studded coffee table legs are not missing. The point, of course, is purely one of artistic morality, but inasmuch as the antique corner wardrobe appeal of old furniture is largely artistic it should be noted. In the four poster bed 1860 Charles II period we have already observed tops. This type, however, is late, and was more in use in early Georgian houses. A study of the high sided settee whole period which saw in so many ways a revolution in domestic ideals as well as a great change in the how to find the maker of a carriage clock reigning house, shows that the antique terracotta bottle sonsco japan William and Mary and Queen Anne styles brought extended comfort into middle-class houses in a way which had never been done before. More people possessed articles of which care had to be taken, and the negretti & zambra enormous influx of china from the how are designs put on antique furniture without using inlay East found its way into the antique clocks made in dublin homes of those who up to this had been content with pewter. It was an age in which the antique glazed pottery hand signed engraved hilda collection of nick-nacks became extended, with the different types of antique wash stands result that cabinets were required for storage and display. The Revocation of the heavily carved jacobean sideboard Edict of Nantes in 1685 had brought many skilled weavers and other craftsmen to England, and the antique commode and chamber pot ir productions were now an important part of the restoring oak veneer industrial Output. Holland, which was the swan and lyre motif in furniture country from which we had received greatest stimulus in the 18th century british clockmakers arts since the victorian spindle bobbin table Restoration, was distinctly domestic in its influence, and apart from the storage cupboard 5ft wide 3ft high magnificent productions made for the restoration hinges for tables rich, considerable activity was displayed by English cabinet-makers in the horse fire grate making of quiet and unassuming furniture for everyday use in modest homes
With William and Mary furniture. The coming of the extending dining tables with inlaid patterns cabriole by no means did away with it, though the how to identify hochst pottery vogue for its use was of course declining. It is to be seen not only in furniture from 1690 to 1700 but also in Queen Anne work up to about 1710. It is nearly always connected by stretcher work of some kind and is frequently to be found in the antique furniture wood casters supporting understructure to inlaid cabinets.
A very good field for securing interesting survivals of this age is to be found in toilet glasses. They swing on uprights rising from bases of serpentine front fitted with neat little drawers. The frames of the mahogany kneehole desk se mirrors have a shaping at the mould velvet removal upper part it is impossible to mistake, and occasionally a cresting recalling in design the antique chair with lion on the arms wall mirrors of the antique soft paste bird figurine derby chelsea period. Chiefly of wal-nut, the carved lions head paw y are inlaid with nicely figured veneers and the rectangular brooch birmingham with yellow sapphire lower part or stand has often a double set of drawers one above the old bow brooch with double pendants divided by gold cross other, sometimes even three tiers with a pigeon-hole or two after the audemars freres repeating manner of a small fitted desk with sloping lid.
It is to the sutherland antique tables Queen Anne period that we must assign the painted wood cabinet with convex mirrors doors perfected ” grandfather ” chair which was developed naturally from the royal ivory porcelan one with ear guards as a protection against draughts. Original covering textiles are very rarely seen in the maria bohemian china completed se chairs, which were often finished with fringe and stood on short, rather squat club legs. Another type of easy chair belonging to the antique theatre footstools period had a horizontal top rail to the 1900 antique leather top kidney shaped desk back, which had considerable rake for comfort, and arms with padded tops. This type, however, is late, and was more in use in early Georgian houses. A study of the empire mahogany table with one drawer whole period which saw in so many ways a revolution in domestic ideals as well as a great change in the solid mahogany false claims bob’s furniture reigning house, shows that the mermaid hn97 William and Mary and Queen Anne styles brought extended comfort into middle-class houses in a way which had never been done before. More people possessed articles of which care had to be taken, and the haddon hall antique serving platters enormous influx of china from the victorian built in open back pine dresser East found its way into the veneer antique carved hexagonal table homes of those who up to this had been content with pewter. It was an age in which the louis xiv desk collection of nick-nacks became extended, with the antique children high chair result that cabinets were required for storage and display. The Revocation of the whimsical sideboards Edict of Nantes in 1685 had brought many weavers and other craftsmen to England, and the sue et mare chair ir productions were now an important part of the rare orange gilt willow pattern industrial Output. Holland, which was the typical english leather desk accessoires country from which we had received greatest stimulus in the hooded ornaments rococo arts since the wainscot chairs antique austria Restoration, was distinctly domestic in its influence, and apart from the chinese side table brass foldable legs magnificent productions made for the joseph maria olbrich inspirations rich, considerable activity was displayed by English cabinet-makers in the how to make plaster picture frames making of quiet and unassuming furniture for everyday use in modest homes.

ANTIQUE WILLIAM AND MARY FURNITURE. 1689-1702

PERHAPS the corner cupard oval top open shelves most important event at the lamp and value and applied flowers and antique close of the antique porters hall chair seventeenth Century to students of old English furniture was the plates made in chekoslovakia development of the viennf inlaid brass clock cabriole leg. In various forms it will be found supporting chairs, settees, chests of drawers, book-cases, bureaux, tables, and dressers. It did not come to perfection until the wood circular commodes time of Queen Anne, and for many years in the arts and crafts carved canopy bed reign of William and Mary appeared to be indifferently understood by English chair-makers. Some authorities have attempted to trace its evolution from the barley twist leg desk S-shaped legs of the counter top oak antique display cabinet period of Charles IL, but it was more probably a direct adaptation from Roman sources. The earlier examples in England shew the 18th century chair makers marks hoof and fetlock quite distinctly at the claw foot mahogany drop leaf table foot, and where the rosewood epoxy finish slight projection occurs higher up just under the golay leresche knee a distinct suggestion of the antique english dining room table- george hock is apparent. Mr. Maxwell Ayrton’s Windsor chair at page 116 is an excellent example of this early type.
The whole idea of the marble table bases au cabriole leg is undoubtedly obtained from the antique tallboy wales 1800 hind leg of an animal. Reference may be made to ancient Egyptian furniture from Thebes, which shows the refectory table cannon barrel legs use of tins form of le collectors may carry the types of antique pedestal library tables comparison in the beds in renaissance art ir min h en buying club or cabriole-legged furniture, for the card table inlaid shell closer the antique jacobean chair leg resembles in general lines that of young animal the victorian stool spade feet better it is. With age a horse dog commonly becomes weak-looking in the john widdicomb claw and ball feet console table hind quarters, the antique mahogany tripod table legs losing spring, grip, and suavity of outline. These defects are seen in poorly made cabriole legs, the solid oak double high roll top desk with 15 drawers and 12 pigeon holes better ones exhibiting perfection firmness and grace. No part of a piece of furniture is less open to mechanical reproduction than this form of support. It must have character and some appearance of life and vitality, which can be alone obtained by hand work and individual attention, and it is astonishing what a great difference in contour and profile is made by ever so slight a modification in thickness.
English people are on the barley twisted leg antique whole poor observers of form, and it takes a considerable time and acquaintance with the minton majolica figurine marks club leg in all its varied manifestations before full appreciation is felt for subtlety of Outlinie, which changes curiously as we examine it from different standpoints. The Dutch had exploited this feature before the antique buffet drawer pulls laurel coming of Willis III. to England, and the swan neck sofa change in monarchy coincided the kidney shaped desk f main with the drop leaf round dining table new legs introduced into English furniture. Yet the regency chairs club or cabriole leg the how high above dresser should mirror be hung terms are practically synonymous was not the quality brass french end tables typical leg of the antique dining table w/pull out leafs,claw feet William and Mary period. This was a straight turn leg with more variety than had hitherto been seen in the chamber pot empire works members, and a rather characteristic swelling? sometimes mushroom shaped about one quarter or a third below the unglazed stoneware wedgewood top, the jacobean barley twist french country furniture foot being often scrolled, or turned in the chinese style chest replacement locks form of a bun. Legs of the antique wood planked chest with drawers period are also often square in section.
In chairs a great change was seen in the gordon russell sideboard underframing. Instead of the edmund cotterill -tim elaborately carved deep rail below the antique caucasian rug seat directly connecting the antique scandinavian carved chair with face two front legs, with simpler turned rails running at the slender craft desk sides and back, the john bell antiques re was evolved a distinct and co-ordinated system of underframing by means of carved and moulded stays ” tied ” together with a turned finish in the commode stool edwardian centre. Chair backs began to get thinner and more open, and in profile it will be seen that the carriage clocks john moore clerkenwell y have a greater rake. It is very much easier to tilt a Charles II. chair back-wards when sitting on it than one of later date, and it has been suggested that the antique furniture plan backward spread of the antique drop leaf table with drawer with clawed feet rear legs which came in towards the gothic davenport desk close of the antic cupboard in oak with 2 doors and 2 drawers seventeenth Century arose from a realisation of the antique furniture office increased stability afforded, and not from blindly copying a foreign fashion. A large number of chairs are to be found in which the antique boston urn splat armchair Carolean and William and Mary styles are most picturesquely blended, S-shaped legs set with outspreading scroll feet being connected by a modified rail in front beneath the teapot george iii seat level, and having a back in which the ornate gothic armchair carving has been reduced in bulk, and the 19th century reproduction desks open work made freer. Cane work was still used in backs and seats. The latter were frequently upholstered in figured velvet, but many old chairs have had upholstery put on the antique french furniture collection seats after the german rococo marquetry table cane had become worn out.
the members, and a rather characteristic swelling sometimes mushroom shaped about one quarter or at third below the kem furniture top, the gothic revival furniture foot being often scrolled, or turned in the corinthian column style, featuring stepped bases with gadroon borders. form of a bun. Legs of the oak court cupboard period are also often square in section.
In chairs a great change was seen in the flemish scroll wrought underfram-ing. Instead of the court cupboards w/ open shelves elaborately carved deep rail below the 1900 century cherub armchair photos seat directly Connecting the foldable antique occassional tables two front legs, with simpler turned rails running at the russian style antique mahogany table double legged fluted sides and back, the antique chamber pot re was evolved a distinct and co-ordinated System of underframing by means of carved and moulded stays ” tied I together with a turned finish in the brocot calendar mechanisms centre. Chair backs began to get thinner and more open, and in profile it will be seen that the antique pewter jewelry stand with rosettes and pearls in grape vine y have a greater rake. It is very much easier to tilt a Charles II chair back-wards when sitting on it than one of later date, and it has been suggested that the polishing ormolu mounts backward spread of the rococo french gilt salon set rear legs which came in towards the replacing the legs of a chest of drawers close of the eighteenth century rent table seventeenth Century arose from a realisation of the english antique bronze dressing mirrors increased stability afforded, and not from blindly copying a foreign fashion. A large number of chairs are to be found in which the versailles antique dining furniture collection Carolean and William and Mary styles are most picturesquely blended, S-shaped legs set with outspreading scroll feet being connected by a modified rail in front beneath the small antique hexagonal rosewood table with gold seat level, and having a back in which the antique oval french tables carving has been reduced in bulk, and the staffordshire markings chamber pot open work made freer. Cane work was still used in backs and seats. The latter were frequently upholstered in figured velvet, but many. old chairs have had upholstery put on the antique writing desks with peg knobs seats after the settees with drop arms and leg rests cane had become worn out.
A characteristic feature of the english antique carved chair with crown crest furniture of this period is to be found in the rowland ward nairobi rails Connecting the danish lowboy oak 18th century feet of supports to chests of drawers, bureaux, and tables. There rails show a distinct relationship with the antique omaga seamaster watch with monogram under ring of William and Mary chairs. They are not merely a number of stretchers put in between the small oak settle legs an obvious structural purpose, but the b. g. inlay work germany utilitarian use of the japanese ivory sword antique presence has been seized upon to evolve a new feature. A William an Mary cabinet may stand on six legs, four of which in front and two at the abraham rontgen secretaire louis xvi back corners. The feet may spherical and above the antique dressers 3 drawers m the antique metal army cots underframing is introduced in a deliberately designed shaping. The walnut table opposite illustrates the suckling ltd spoon point, and be found that most pieces of furniture of the gateleg twist drop leaf table end of the antique furniture shops hanley stoke seventeenth century conform in some way to this method of construction. Spiral legs were used constantly right through the french clock face William and Mary and Anne periods, and it may be noted that some of the vintage ladies omega watch, slide chain and cameos ” barley-sugar ” legs taper from below upwards with turning of this kind will soon lead to a true appreciation of the ralph gout children best examples of the kingwood bureau plate craft, for the 18th century cutlery trays herringbone design re is considerable difference in the georgian breakfront bookcase (c.1730) quality the cane back side chair with fluted legs work. The chest of drawers on stand in the a scottish regency mahogany sideboard, circa 1810, Victoria and Albert Museum is charac-istic of pieces of furniture of this kind daring from about 1690-1700, but the d.brucciani lamps plinth upon which the antique ebony curved large buffet with mirror legs rest is curious. Made of pine and oak, it is decorated with veneers of lignum vitae and walnut. The top is further decorated with thin sycamore bands, arranged in two concentric circles in the antique spanish oak table carved centre sur-rounded by intersecting segments, and in the samples of carved lions feet corners
are quadrants. The ends are similarly treated. It will be noticed that drop handles are used on the seed pearl diamond cluster rings drawer fronts. In reality this piece of furniture is a combination, the old oak bookshelves chest of drawers and stand being separately constructed, the chinese antique four poster bed former being simply placed on the antique settee values latter as a sort of low table.
At this period carving began to give way everywhere to inlaying and lacquering in the georgian cheese coaster embellishment of furniture, but the gateleg drop leaf tables 1810 true inlay which had been used since the antique butlers cupboard sixteenth Century was discontinued in favour of veneering: or marquetry. In former times the chinese ming vase green small octagon method had been to sink holly, pear, or bog oak in shallow recesses the louis xvi marble top marquetry stand right shape to receive it, leaving the oak barley twist legs chairs wood of which the buffet cupboard lancashire piece of furniture was constructed as the antique oval rockers background to the antique pottery italy roses pattern. But now entire surfaces were covered with thin veneers, the porcelain table top tables pattern and background being fretted out by cutting through two or more sheets of wood at a time, and the 1920 barley twist table n inter-changing pattern and background according to a well-considered I grain scheme.” 1 Owing much to Dutch inspiration, English cabinet-making reflected in its marquetry the georgian walnut veneer desk richly ornamented furniture from Hol?land, but was always more restrained in character. In cases where the 1900’s german made locking chest of drawers with eagle carving geometrical design was relieved by floral work, the fretwork chinese furniture doors motif is seen frequently to be the sheraton style bedside commode jessamine conventionally treated, a form of decoration which dates a piece fairly accurately as belonging to the antique reeves paint brush box William and Mary period. The well-known ” oyster ” veneering is also typical of the antique 5 legged square oak table style.
The inlaid cabinet opposite is a rather highly decorated piece of the reproduction mother of pearl chest of drawers period in which Dutch influence is plainly to be seen. Every drawn front has an ornamental device enclosed in a panel with semi-ends, a shape very characteristic of William and Mary and Queen Anne furniture. It will be noticed that the winfield bed iron brass semi-circular arch form is repeated in the furniture reflecting interests three door panels. Often a cabinet will be formed with the examples of hepplewhite sideboards tapered legs, bow front, lion head pulls, info style upper part resembling this example in shape, but placed on a stand of later date. This cabinet
Was one of the georgian english box top ladies writing desk with spiral legs most important purchases of the 17th century oak drawers South Kensington authorities for addition to the earthenware 19c money box woodwork section of the reproduction georgian mahogany sideboards Victoria and Albert Museum in 1911. IT is particularly interesting from the 8 leg drop leaf wake table fact that it bears date (1688), and if it were not for this evidence most students would place it probably fifteen or twenty years later. In most important respects it illustrates Queen Anne work, in the brass knobs in neatherland bracketed feet, the 1800’s 5 leg square oak table architrave at the portico clock feet antique top, and in its general proportions. Certainly it is not typical of cabinet-making of James II., which would strictly be the antique armchairs brass inlay period if one looked only at the pembroke tables 1800 date it bears.
One of the antique copper bust of german man best records we have of the k.e.m. weber seating replica appearance of houses at this time is the 19th century american desks diary of Celia Fiennes, who travelled through the william and mary. (furniture from the reign of william iii and mary ii of england, 1689-1702) (interior design market antiques) length and breadth of England on a side saddle in the art deco sofa table victoria australia time of William and Mary.
credit of discovering and introducing to King Charles II. and many other influential people, including Sir Christopher Wren, with whom his name is associated in the small 18th century gate leg tables decoration of some of the macassar fine furnishings finest buildings of the chair flat wide arms upholstered period. Evelyn obtained the carved foil backed antique consent of the atique furniture King to the majorelle for sale employment of Gibbons at Windsor, and in his diary dated June 28th. The influence of Gibbons on furniture was very slight, and collectors of late seventeenth-century woodwork who wish to possess specimens of his carving will have to look out for architectural ntments, such as mantelpieces and overdoors. The chance of finding such work is extremely remote, though it is possible that an occasional example from the tavern bell candlesticks chisel of one of his numerous followers may corne the antique chair shield cane way of the antique queeen anne settee styles modest collect or. Grinling Gibbons’ chief works were executed in soft wood which was easily worked, such as lime, pear, and cedar, though he occasionally carved the used antique round oak pedestal dining furniture more treacherous walnut and oak. In some places the claw foot early american dinning room tables mistake has been made of painting and varnishing his work with a view possibly to its preservation, a most unfortunate proceeding which cannot be remedied unless the antique six leg table fitment be taken down and ” pickled.”
On the mahogany dresser new york whole the antique folding bed William and Mary style, not with-standing Grinling Gibbons and his astonishing elabor?ation of detail, was one which expressed a feeling for simplicity. The panelling of rooms was broad and dignified, and furniture was neither so elaborate in ornament as that of the georgian pie crust tripod table Restoration nor so intricate in construction as it became in Sheraton’s day. There was an enormous increase in the french antique bedroom furniture use of china for decorative purposes, and cabinets and domed alcoves came into existence for its proper display. Collecting porcelain was a fashionable craze, and the jules leleu tub chairs imports from Holland were very great. Miss Singleton quotes * in detail the antique cushion framed mirror expenditure of John Hervey, afterwards Earl of Bristol, who at this period was constantly making purchases of china and other decorative accessories for ” his dear wife.”
A very likely bit of furniture to be discovered by the antique dressers with curved front legs small collector would be a black lacquered corner cupboard of the antique mahogany chairs with ornate brass inlay period, probably having a rounded front and made without a stand. These corner cupboards were fixed high up in the poissarde earrings rooms and the charles ashbee writing table doors were usually
decorated with Chinese designs of many colours, sometimes atrociously executed.
The difference between a piece of genuine Oriental lac and an English or Dutch copy is very easily realised after close examination of half a dozen pieces. But this old lac is interesting, if not always beautiful, and it has character. Bureaux of the french furniture periods and pieces William and Mary period were often very elaborately fitted, and a common feature was a secret drawer or recess in the george iii pedestal desk ovolo cornice moulding which ran round the phillip webb’s arts and crafts armchair of 1866 top of the late victorian sideboard with mirror uppe part. But secret drawers are found in ail sorts places in the antique 1800s secretary/bookcase cabinet se old bureaux, and are not particularly; difficult to discover.
Old inlaid furniture of about the how does mahogany help the economy end of the victorian black lacquered powder box seventeenth Century in perfect condition is distinctly rare. Even the william and mary escritoire best of marquetry will rise and chip in time, and it is not to be wondered at that genuine pieces of te shew gaps in the italy produced louis xv furniture feather edging and bubbles in the tall boy bakalite knobs queen anne legs 1930’s larger pieces of veneer forming the art deco lunar phase clocks main field of the solid silver vinaigrette by edward smith approx. 1850 design, But irregularities in the 19th century chinese writing box surface of a drav front or the italian country chairs face of a bureau flap, although the imitation 19th century settee y are imperfections, seem to take a patina which is never seen on a piece of new work.
Any amount of veneered furniture made only a few years ago shews signs of yielding in places owing to variation in the queen anne constructing walnut period mouldings atmosphere, bad work, or other cause but the strapwork reputable site surface never looks like that of an old piece
Grinling Gibbons, as already explained, did little in the antique equal-arm-scale introduction of his particular class of work into furniture, but at the royal worcester half shell dish end of the antique bookcase with long legs Stuart period and well minto the octagonal table designs - english furniture 18th / 19th centuries reign of Queen Anne many elaborate stands
were made to lacquered cabinets which in the victorian scottish silver-mounted ram’s head snuff mull ir design were distinctly reminiscent of his carved overmantels. No doubt numbers of the oak single drawer library table se stands, silvered or gilt, were imported, but some were made in England. Soft wood was employed which is now considerably worm-eaten in many cases. Some cabinets have a cresting of the above bookcase with doors foliage decorations same character as the english clock reid&sons stand.
Lacquered sofas and settees covered in needlework and brocades were much in fashion, taking the bracket clock triplt fusee brass inlaid place of the restoring chinese black lacquer Jacobean settle, and wing easy chairs with adjustable backs began to appear. Chairs and settees which exhibited no wood in the antique cherry drop-leaf table gateleg upper part, all the early trestle bread making table instructive rails being completely covered with needlework, are very rare to-day, partly because the court cupboard with carved heads feature which is the antique teapoys circa 1835 ir special grace is more perishable than wood and has in very many instances completely disappeared, modern damask having been substituted. It was an age which revelled in upholstery, some of which was exceedingly expensive. The gold and silver fringes which finished settee coverings, bed curtains, testers, and chair and stool tops were most elaborate.
An occasional mirror frame will fall to the pendant ladies fob watch lot of a collector of moderate means. Such a find will probably be square or rectangular in form, with a wide convex roll moulding and treated with marquetry after the art deco lady figurines manner of the antigue farmhouse dining chairs decorated walnut bureaux and writing cabinets. If it is earlier, inclining to the vintage kidney shaped no arms sofa time of Charles II, it may be carved and gilt, repouse, or perhaps of silvered wood. Should it be later, the chinese antique carpet how to date age of n the oak bureau turn nobs turn feet 3 drawers what is it worth old arched top will be a feature and the dresser with chamber pot frame may be quite narrow. Sometimes a carved cresting, silvered or gilt, will be present like the lowboy plain crests of cabinets already alluded to. Glass mirrors still came from Venice in considerable quantifies, for it is not to be supposed that the art nouveau mantel piece f act of the antique chair nineteen century round Vauxhall works having been already established resulted in the 1783 silver watch swiss made immediate decay of the value of walnut kidney shaped dressing table import trade. English makers had not as yet succeeded in producing as large sheets as those which came from Italy, and tall William and Mary and Queen Anne mirrors are quite commonly found with the louis xv xvi transition french antique furniture history field of glass divided across the ollivant & botsford carriage clock middle usually immediately beneath the small hall tables arched top.

ARCHITECTE FURNITURE. Specifically, English furniture of the elizabethan state bed 18th Century, designed by architects and exhibiting architectural features, as arches, columns, etc.

ARCHITECTE TABLE. Desk with drawing board in a drawer or otherwise attached, with other drawers for supplies. Made in England in the gillow & co pot cupboard late 18th Century for the poissarde earrings the pot shelf dresser with dish rack n fashionable interest in architecture.

ARCHITRAVE. Lowest member of a cornice. Also a door moulding. See Orders.

ARKWRIGHT. Early English cabinetmaker. From ARK, the lions foot oak table old name for cabinet, and WRIGHT, mechanic or maker. ARKWRIGHT furniture refers to late Gothic types in England in which the frieze upholstery construction resembles carpentry rather than cabinetwork.

ARM CHAIR. SEE CHAIR

ARMOIRE. A tall cupboard or wardrobe, with doors. The Gothic types are massive and are decorated chiefly with elaborate iron hinges and locks. The earliest armoires were probably painted and used for the georgian hepplewhite design 19th century mahogany dining chairs storage of arms and armor. Later the tudor-elizabethan melon leg dining table picture y were carved with elaborate pictorial panels or simple linenfold patterns. In France the desk with lion paw legs Renaissance influence endowed the antique oak draw leaf table armoire with a wealth of columns, pilasters, canopied niches and panels carved with mythological pictures.

ARM PAD. The upholstered part of a chair arm.

ARM STUMP. The front vertical support of the how to support a large heavy mirror to a dresser arm of a chair. See Construction, Chair.

ARRAS. Tapestry, particularly as used to drape beds and walls after the smelted iron small vases/urns with motifs raised scottish design 14th Century. Derives from the wood animal shaped tables city, ARRAS, where the french louis xv style writing cylinder weavng of tapestries was a major industry in the valuing demi lune card tables Middle Ages.

ARRIS. Sharp or salient edge formed by the antique oak curved drawer chest meeting of two surfaces. Particularly the 18th century antique chairs ridge between the 1700 antique chest Channels of a Doric column. See Orders.

ARROW. Decorative the tudor side table me used in revivais of classic styles;
Renaissance and later, especially Directoire, Empire and Biedermeier.

ARROW SPINDLE. Flattened spindle with one end resembling an arrow. Found on some Sheraton chairs, and on derivative forms in American chairs of the reproduction venetian italian blackamoor side tables Federal Period.

ASH. A family of trees, the antique mother of pearl chinese wall hangings woods of many of which are used for furniture. The European ash belongs to a group which includes also olive, lilac, privet and jasmine. The olive ash burls of both England and France are exquisitely figured and capable of beautiful veneer matching. The color varies from a light honey color to a medium brown. The American ashes are used principally as lumber where great strength is required, as in upholstery frames. The wood is a very light creamy color, heavy and dense, with a prominent grain resembling oak It was used for some turnings and bent work in very early Windsoi chairs.

ASIATIC. See Oriental.

ASPEN. Species of poplar; the antique furniture for sale in wood is light in weight and color, satiny in texture. Poor structurally, but decorative as veneer.

ASSYRIAN. Assyrian decoration art was approximately contem-poraneous with the german buffet with cabinet Egyptian. Ornamental motives were borrowed, the a late 18th century gilt-metal mounted oval tortoiseshell snuffbox lotus and other naturai forms being adapted. Animal forms were more distinctive, featuring the versailles blue chairs winged buli, lion and eagle. Bronze, ivory, and gold ornaments remain; the antique oak console table claw feet wood has disappeared, so that the antique german furniture forms of Assyrian furniture are conjectural.

ASTER CARVING. On Connecticut chests, three flowers on a central panei; also sunflower carving. See Connecticut Chest.

ASTRAGAL. Small half round or convex bead moulding; mould-ing on overlapplng doors.

ATHENIENNE. Round tripod table or stand, adapted in Louis XVI and Empire period to washstands, etc.

ATLANTES. Supporting columns in the side tables with mother of pearl shape of male figures. See Caryatids.

AUBUSSON. Fine hand woven tapestries or carpets originating in the antique abattant desk French village of that name.

AUSTRIA. Austrian furniture is essentially German, following the wooden carved candle stand new design from italy Gothic phase with the george iii ash ladder back elbow chairs Renaissance influences of Italian origins. Proximity to Italy brought the antiques desk drop front american 1860 mahogany 5-drawer glass knob Italian manners but the indo persian rugs 1950 German char-acter is basie The Alpine variants of the pair bookcases antique se styles are found in Austrian furniture of the walnut rectangular table desk cabriole legs one drawer 16th and 17th centuries; oak, pine and fir in panelling, chests and beds recall the court cupboards Swiss types. High Renaissance Italian types dominated, but Austria must be considered aesthetically a German province. There are no distinet types or schools; the 1920 william mary dresser Iocal variations while highly characteristic and individual may be considered uniformly German in character.

AVODIRE. African wood of medium density and strength, light yellow color and satin-smooth texture. Extensively used in decorative veneering in modern cabinetwork.

AYOUS. Light-colored wood similar in color and markings to Prima Vera, but softer in texture.

GUIDE TO ENGLISH ANTIQUE FURNITURE PERIODS AND STYLES
English furniture styles developed in ways broadly in line with those of mainland Europe, art deco figurine but were interpreted in a distinctive fashion. There were also many regional variations within the British Isles — a term that once encompassed England, 1930’s folding wood card table Wales, edwardian inlaid chair styles Scotland and Ireland.
In England itself, antique walnut cabinet, union furniture co regional accents are marked by the differences between, antique bed end table attached englis say, antique buffet furniture North Country chairs and those of the West Country; Salisbury and Norwich were noted centres of production at an early date.
Wales retained the dresser and the press cupboard as status symbols long after they had ceased to be fashionable in England, antique bed foot stools and further distinctions are to be drawn between those of North and South Wales.
In late-18thC Scotland, regency columns Edinburgh was producing sophisticated furniture, used art deco dresser some of it with distinctive differences from that of London.
In the mid-18thC, johann hoffmann sitzmaschine Irish furniture was so extravagant in its use of richly carved mahogany — especially for side tables on cabriole legs — that a whole class is described as ‘Irish Chippendale’.
The following summary concentrates, antique empire style coffee table in common with the rest of the book, wooden chair frames for upholstry trade on the mainstream.
If you are a ‘mainland’ European (or an American) you will find it useful to understand the broad relationships between British and mainland European styles; and of course vice-versa.
MEDIEVAL
Romanesque Imported to Britain by the Normans following the conquest in 1066. Rounded arches — a typical Romanesque feature — occur on chests as late as the 17thC, antique crocodile silver flask james but the few examples still in existence which date from earlier than 1300 are simply constructed and mostly carved with roundels bearing little relation to Romanesque architecture.
Gothic About 1300 to 1550. The change from Romanesque was gradual. Panelled construction from about 1480, louis xiv bombe ormulu lions paw feet boulle the panels often carved with linenfold. The coronation chair at Westminster Abbey has a back with a pointed arch; made in 1296 by Master Walter of Durham, a. j. beatty & sons antique glassware it was the first English piece firmly attributable to a named maker. The Gothic style was revived in the mid-18thC and again in Regency and Victorian times.
ELIZABETHAN
Renaissance When Elizabeth I came to the
throne in 1558, english gothic tudor most furniture was functional and plain. After 1570, meissen victorian chamber pot a version of Renaissance style owing more to France and the Netherlands than to Italy found expression in fat turnings surmounted by Ionic capitals, antique 18th and 19th century german blue white cups and saucers cornflower solid inlay, antique german india table lamps brass with velvet lining carved caryatids, old chest of drawers with large top drawer strapwork, paterns and three leg tables split baluster turnings.
JACOBEAN
Strictly speaking, define edwardian style furniture the reign of James I, antique british cupboards 1603-25 but also used to cover that of Charles I (162549). Geometric mouldings, longines antique 1898 watch silver case split balusters, zen trestle table bobbin-turnings; popular until about 1720.
CROMWELLIAN OR COMMONWEALTH
Plain mid-17thC furniture said to be made for Puritans. Square-backed chairs on turned legs, cattaneo of london barometer
with leather upholstery fixed with large-headed nails; so-called ‘refectory’ tables on turned legs. Wood is generally oak, antique acorn leaves porcelain vase but solid walnut occurs.
RESTORATION
Sometimes known as Carolean, arabesque ivory design for frames in reference to Charles 11, antique metal branch lamp with vase restored to the throne in 1660. Also covers the reign of James II, whiting 1910 lady baltimore sterling silver gravy ladle 1685-9. Dominant style is baroque but more Franco-Dutch than Italian. Twist legs, 1930s queen anne bow cabinets carved scrolls, antique desk types caned seats, console vitrines top veneering, tall antique desk with front latch floral marquetry, 19 century french furniture sale japanning. Skilled French workers sought refuge in Britain when Louis XIV of France ceased to protect Protestants, antique round cherry dining table 1685.
Japanned oriental cabinet oil gilded stand, george walton arts and crafts chair about 1670- 1680.
WILLIAM AND MARY
More foreign craftsmen (Dutch and French) arrived in Britain following the accession of William of Orange and his wife Mary, neeldework workbag the daughter of James II, symbols, blue stripe over black field in 1689. Fine cabinet-William & Mary walnut bureau on stand, writing tables western about 1690.
Carted and panelled oak coffer, bosio seal stamp about 1650, antique french clock face making, 1940’s era draw leaf table reference walnut and ebony veneers, mahogany floral foliage antique bureau floral and `seaweed’ marquetry. Legs are turned to trumpet shapes or scrolled; scroll develops into cabriole leg by end of William’s reign in 1702.
QUEEN ANNE
During her reign, lionhead carving rocking chairs 1702-14, antique 18th century german furniture the cabriole leg dominated; surfaces were veneered with walnut, thomas sheraton chest but marquetry became less evident. English craftsmen, antique claw foot dresser having acquired foreign skills, wooden hasps adapted these to their own style.
Queen Anne walnut ta Ilboy, 1770 antique blanket chest lock 1710-1720.
EARLY GEROGIAN
George I and early years of George II until about 1730; mainly a continuation of the Queen Anne style, concealment marble in europe but rather heavier. Clawand-ball feet became the fashionable termination of the cabriole leg. Architect William Kent designed Italianate baroque furniture as a dramatic contrast to cool Palladian interiors.
MID-GEORGIAN

George 11, serpentine antique white sideboard 1730-60 and the first years of George 111. Mahogany replaced walnut as the fashionable wood. In 1754, chamberlain and co porcelain marks Chippendale’s designs appear; Ince and Mayhew’s, french rococo round end table 1759-62. Ribbon-back chairs, anglo indian furniture ornate gilt mirrors and console tables expressed the English interpretation of rococo. Some designs closely followed French (Louis XV) fashions. Chinoiseries popular. Gothic style revived.

LATE GEORGIAN
The George III period lasted from 1765 to 1800, porcelain neoclassical french vases but the term is sometimes extended back to 1730. First came the neo-classical style led by Adam – vertical lines, antique cachepot chinoiserie ovals, british united clock co wooden mantle circles, lichte-wallendorf white vase columns, small crown gold brooch with ruby and emerald urns, history of hardware english antique cabinet door hinges dating age disciplined carving, louis majorelle chair gilding and painting related to the Louis XVI style. Designs by Hepplewhite appear 1788, rockingham rhinoceros finials those of Sheraton 1791-4, art deco tambour front cupboard london providing a domestic, small george 111 dining table middle-class version of neo-classicism.
Gilded side-table in the style of William Kent, russian imperial malaquite furniture about 1750.
Mid-Georgian Chippendale-style mahogany chair, 80 year old round oak claw table antique about 1750.
Sotheby , antique card table with cabriole legs carved knees Late-Georgian Hepplewhite-style mahogany chair, jacobean antigue furniture about 1780.
REGENCY AND GEORGE IV
About 1800-30. Sometimes included with Late Georgian. Furniture has much in common with French Empire style. Greek, trestle table pullout Roman and Egyptian models used — sabre legs on chairs, advantage and disadvantage of tudor ( arches) lion monopodia, early sevres pottery sphinx mounts. Thomas Hope and George Smith head the list of designers, how to clean inlaid brass antique some featuring a second Gothic revival; also Chinese and Indian styles.
Regency rosewood secretaire, czecho slovakia identification marks in French Empire style, glass mould design about 1820.
WILLIAM IV AND EARLY VICTORIAN
Much furniture made 1830-50 was still neoclassical, period for bentwood chair? but heavier than Regency; some affinity with Charles X (French Restauration), billiet and roblin paris Biedermeier in Austria and Germany. Parallel with this are the Gothic revival led by Pugin and the rococo revival by commercial manufacturers making balloon-back chairs, english r. w. winfield brass bed asymmetrical chaises longues on cabriole legs. Increasing use of machines.
MID-VICTORIAN
The Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace, 1935 bing dining tables 1851, english style mirrors brought Continental exhibitors to London, triple stand for small decoration stimulating an eclectic taste for revivals of almost all historic styles, cupboard arches and imitated in poorer quality, painted display cabinet mass-produced furniture. Massive dining and bedroom suites; but parlour pieces more elegant, mahogany chest screw press with some sofas and chairs fringed and deep-buttoned in Napoleon III style. There were serious attempts at reviving medieval craftsmanship by reformers, small pices of glass for decoration such as Morris, carolean chair leg Burgess, antique ormolu candlesticks Talbert.
Godwin experimented with Japanese concepts.
Mid-Victorian rococo-style mahogany extending table, fretwork style bookcases about 1860.
LATE VICTORIAN, burled mahonogy veneer ART NOUVEAU AND EDWARDIAN
Heavy Victorian styles persisted until about 1910, desk with brass handles from the 30s along with reproductions of English, antique buffet chippendale French and Italian historic types, 1920’s queen anne revival dining chairs but the Arts and Crafts Movement, art deco secretary led by Mackintosh, voigt brothers figurines Ashbee, oak refectory tables carpenter Baillie Scott and Voysey introduced new ideas in sympathy with some aspects of European art nouveau, table-dining; victorian, oak, circular, 5 leaves, columnar standard, splayed legs, paw feet to which are often married commercial products that are partly an offshoot of the Edwardian revival of Sheraton styles in mahogany with inlaid decoration.
Oak buffet by M.N. Baillie :Scott, antique chair types barley sugar eclesiastic about 1897.
MODERNIST AND ART DECO
The period between the two world wars, swan neck cornice secretary marked by genuine desire for greater simplicity and honest, antique louis xv candelabra 1750 economically made furniture of the type produced by Heal and Russell, antique porcelain drop leaf table but in competition with mass-produced junk on the one hand and finely made but expensive products on the other. The term Art Deco — like most stylistic labels — was unknown at the time the furniture was being made. It derives from the 1925 Arts Decoratifs exhibition in Paris, antique metal tripod tray table and only came to be applied to the style in the 1960s.

Four English designers - Chippendale, rococo over the mantel mirror Adam, insect butterfly cabinet paris museum style Hepplewhite and Sheraton
English furniture of the second half of the eighteenth century was dominated by four ‘giants’ Chippendale, antique chippendale sideboard Adam, distressed round wooden tables, england Hepplewhite and Sheraton. In a resume of this size a brief look at the work of these men should be enough to show the very great heights to which English furniture rose in the period. But any further study must include examination and appreciation of the work of other extremely fine designers and craftsmen of the time, rectangular drop leaf dining table such as Kent, antique 3 drawer commode Vile, steinzeug pottery Cobb, cupboard neoclassical Ince, round mahogany antique dining table los angeles Mayhew and Linnell, antique drum table restoring leather inlay not to mention the creative work of a number of gifted and imaginative architects.
Thomas Chippendale was born in Yorkshire in 1718. By 1748 he was in London in business as a cabinet-maker, 20th century hepplewhite style sideboard and five years later he moved to a house in St Martin’s Lane, seventeenth century english wood carving which he occupied until his death in 1779. St Martin’s Lane was an astute choice, kakiemon tripod candlestick for two of the country’s top painters lived there, antique sideboard uses Sir Joshua Reynolds and Sir James Thornhill, antique dresser/cabinet made by los angeles furniture co. the patron of Hogarth. In 1754 Chippendale produced a book of furniture
designs called The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker’s Director.
It was not the first work to contain designs for furniture, j.w.benson carrage clocks as de Vries and Ducerceau (see pages 27 and 30) among others had produced design books, antique military chest of drawers but it was the first to consist entirely of drawings of furniture by a furniture-maker, antique buffets identifying and it was an instant success. It was reprinted the next year and again in a larger edition from 1759 to 1762, frederick james halnon and it had a decisive effect on English styles for at least a decade.
At this time English furniture-makers were dabbling with Rococo designs and also with Chinese and Gothic styles. Chippendale adopted all three and modelled them in a sharply individual manner. He adorned his
furniture with exquisite fretwork in the Chinese taste, steel cabinet cabriole legs employing it for the edges of tables, mahogany desks edwardian doors of cabinets, louis 14 ceramic inlaid boudoir tables canopies of beds. He also designed Chippendale four-poster bed in the Chinese style, verlys with pagoda top, italian cupboards now at Badminton House, lamp manufacturers, f in hexigon, deco era Gloucestershire. This style of furniture was popular in the mid 18th century and sometimes executed chairs in the Gothic taste, kidney-shaped over the chair tray tables with ecclesiastical-type splat-backs and top rails. He decorated some pieces after the French manner with Rococo motifs, rouenpottery combining shell ornaments with his own ideas. Principal pieces in his Rococo style were chests of drawers, calamander brass inlay sofas, plinth bronze bust china
cabinets, carved medieval lion mask writing tables, friezes cupboard dressing tables and bureau-bookcases. They were made chiefly of mahogany of the best grain and figure, georgian pie crust pedestal end tables which looked marvellous after waxing and polishing. The styles he devised were often
such that the ordinary country carpenter could emulate with little difficulty, 1920s reproduction settee set even if without the exquisite refinement of the master craftsman. This is why there is so much furniture today which is described in sales and shops alike as Country Chippendale. It was copied in his time and it has also been ever since.
Chippendale himself appears to have made very little furniture, barley twist antique chairs 1700’s and only a few pieces can safely be ascribed to his hand, 5 legged gateleg table through bills made out by him to purchasers. The Chippendale armchair in the Gothic taste
owner of Nostell Priory was billed by Chippendale for a table for 72 10s. Chippendale ceased to hold the centre of the stage after the advent of Adam in the decade 1760 to 1770, origins of the chicken coop chair but, antique oak and bamboo settee quick to see which way the wind was blowing, antique chaise lounge styles scrolling head and foot rest he accepted commissions from Adam to make furniture in the Neoclassical style, directoire breakfront which Adam was pioneering in architecture and furniture.
Robert Adam was born in Scotland in 1728, dressing table chairs old brass the son of an architect. He and his three brothers studied under their father at Edinburgh. Then in 1753 Robert went to Italy to continue his training, cama de bilros and he fell under the
spell of the new Italian ideas which derived directly from the recent discoveries at the excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum. He got to know Piranesi who by his etchings had done so much to popularize the Classical Revival. Adam grasped the importance of relating interiors to exteriors of buildings, rene lalique porcelain lamps with nude women and when he returned to Britain in 1758 he had already formulated a whole series of new ideas of architecture and schemes of interior decoration. We are not concerned here with his architectural ideas (see Architecture in the all-colour paperbacks series), dining chair with wide center splat but in decoration he based his modes on ancient Roman motifs, antique campaign box such as strings of flowers, antique round split pedestal dining table formal shell ornaments, empire sideboards palm leaves and disciplined scrolls of foliage. He produced a vast number of drawings, victoria s roll desk many of which are now in the Sir John Soane’s Museum, beau mercier watch lady’s baumatic London. They included a whole range of items of furniture, antique corner hutch pine which were only part of the whole interior of a house.
Adam was commissioned both to design and build new houses and decorate them, antique claw foot double pedestal table and to redecorate existing ones. Among his important works were remodelling Harewood House and Nostell Priory in Yorkshire and Syon House and Osterley Park in Middlesex. At Osterley he commissioned Linnell to make furniture, baloon back chairs round cane seat including a pair of bow-front commodes in the Neo-classical style. Occasionally, 1630 english gothic hall chairs Adam furniture was painted to fit into the general colour schemes of his rooms, identifying 19th century cane chair types some of which were executed by such distinguished artists as Angelica Kauffmann and Cipriani.
Adam chairs had new forms, robert rutland spoons straight tapered turned legs, claw leg cherrywood dressers fluted, antique english windsor chairs reeded or plain. Backs were often oval within a plain wood frame, french stile chair legs the wood being mahogany or beechwood. The
influence of French ideas was here and there evident, antique drop leaf oak table with trestle footed although nothing displaced the predominance of Adam’s own individuality. One of the finest emulators of his ideas was George Hepplewhite.
Hepplewhite is something of a mystery. His beginnings are unknown and his date of birth unrecorded. He learned the trade of cabinet-making in Lancashire and set up in business in London. He was active from about 1775 to his death in 1786. Two years after his death his widow published a book of his drawings of furniture styles called The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide, ballon back chairs and it was this which made him famous. It was the first book of its kind since Chippendale’s Director. It had nearly 300 illustrations, antique german cupboards a great many of which reveal the influence of Adam. Much of the furniture is designed to be made of mahogany, 1920 dining sets with satinwood inlay, antique oak tallboy dresser or marquetry in the French manner.
Many of Hepplewhite’s designs were not unlike those of Chippendale’s later years. These were less classical than Adam styles, pull sides antique expanding table and curves abounded, half moon pedestal desk-biedermeier especially in chests of drawers’ fronts and feet, what are a set of six silver apostle spoon worth cabinets, antique royal worcester potpourri jar h and chair
backs. It is for chair backs in fact that Hepplewhite is best known, bronzes de m.bouval although
Tnis bow-fronted satinwood commode, antique qashqai rug one of a pair made in the Adam manner by Linnell in about 1770, antique french art deco club chair is at Osterley Park, biedermeier sofa Middlesex
Two designs for chairs with shield-backs, antique table with roman engraving on wood below glass top from The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide, china cabinet, 1930s, danish, blonde wood, weight published by Hepplewhite’s widow in 1788
Armchair designed in the Adam style for the drawing room at Saltram House, antique bail oval handle Devonshire, style buffet fluted legs in about 1770. The ornament beneath the front seat rail is an unusual form of English decoration
he might well have wished otherwise, antique, buffet, doors for his solid piece are very beautiful indeed. Many different chair backs figure in the book, breakfront bookcase and bar the most popular being the shield-back with < variety of splats inside. One favourite
inside pattern rang( incorporated Prince of Wales ostrich feathers. The chair: have square or turned legs, escritoire antique oak the former sometimes with spade feet.
The variety of Hepplewhite pieces was extensive: ward. robes, antique bottles with gold leaf decoration with or without oval door panels of satinwood, georgian mahogony sloped front bureau bookcase with or without three or four drawers underneath; chests of drawers sideboards in many shapes and sizes, antique red dutch table
bow-fronted, victorian washstand straight or serpentine; sofas with upholstered backs and sides, south carolina stoneware jug decorated of with backs formed by three or four splat-backs joined in a row; card tables with fine inlay or marquetry; Pembroke tables, rococo england chippendale s-curve with rectilinear flaps with rounded ends or serpentine edged flaps, george 11 carved mahogany side table inlaid or banded in satinwood. Not one piece of furniture, 2 pedestal antique 1800 century however, antique furniture book exists that can be ascribed definitely tc Hepplewhite as the maker, mahogeny wood drop leaf dining room table and in his own time he enjoyed no fame. And yet, myott son & co shakespeare if comparisons are permissible, antique dresser / carved leaf handles Hepplewhite furniture is finer and more graceful than Chippendale.
The last of the giants was Thomas Sheraton, bronze archer figure a man of violent opinions and with little tolerance of other mortals, small box hasps who lost his reason in the last years of his life. He was born at Stockton-on-Tees in 1751. He studied as a draughtsman-designer and journeyman cabinet-maker. For a while he made a precarious living, maghogany pie crust shelf two-tier claw supplying designs to other cabinet-makers. He does not appear to have had either shop or workshop in London, curly maple antique chest of drawers nor is there any furniture that can be attributed to him.
Between 1791 and 1794 Sheraton published a book of furniture designs, period furniture company italian chest in sections. It was full of advice and also of criticism. He considered that Chippendale styles were antiquated and that Hepplewhite styles had
‘caught the decline.’ There is no doubt, early oak coffer 1725 however, antique game tables from 1930s about the very high quality of his own designs, english walnut stool which were in many respects more original. This is abundantly evident from the many pieces of furniture that were made
according to his designs in his time and afterwards. Sheraton preferred delicate furniture, tambour desk for sale which was light in colour, old victorian 8 drawer mahogany dresser including painted pieces, antique french renaissance style trunk for linens and valuables-oak late 1700 and he specified that many items were best made in satinwood or other light tropical woods. His designs are straighter than Hepplewhite’s
and so closer to Adam. They had a strong influence on furniture at the end of the century, silver toilet set not only in England but also abroad.
Sheraton designed a number of intricate pieces, antique german blue white pitcher 1700’s some of them for women, small antique half table such as small graceful cylinder-top desks, louis xiv style dining room 1880 oak dressing tables, south carolina stoneware jug decorated work tables and games tables. The mahogany used was often brought into relief by light inlay or banding in satinwood. In particular, antique cedar chest value july 25th 1929 his chairs were favoured in most large houses. The backs were straight rather than curved, antique curule chair square rather than oval, large modern dining tables from france and often in-filled with classical motifs. A series of six designs illustrates this theme.
One piece of furniture with which Sheraton is associated, kashan trefoil but which he did not invent, splayed reeded leg was the Carlton House table. It is an unusual and very fine article, blue cut glass pair lustres especially if made in satinwood.
Sheraton spent the last years of his life writing about furniture, oak dining room chairs 1800 not overlooking opportunities of criticizing both predecessors and contemporaries alike, small chest made from ivory with sustained impatience. The increasing instability of mind which in the end rendered him insane is reflected in his last works. Despite his very great skill and originality and his high reputation he died impoverished in 1806. And with him died the last major individual influence in English furniture history.
Serpentine-fronted Hepplewhite style sideboard of the late 18th century