A Knawel Settee, 1920 walnut drum table William and Mary-style oak Dining Chairs, antique cherrywood drop leaf dining table Edwardian antique Display Cabinet, antique fold up game table George III-style antique Chairs

A large Knawel Settee, small antique oak half commodes the back upholstered with a gross- and petit-point needlework panel depicting classical figures in a wooded landscape with a hunting scene and castle

beyond, antique sideboard, fluted leg the drop ends lowered on a ratchet, louis the 14th chairs 193cm.

A Knawel Settee, antique oak spiral chairs the back upholstered with a fragment from an 18th Century tapestry depicting ribbon-tied swags of fruit and flowers, antique french bed ormolu with drop ends and three loose cushions, plain black key shaped pendant

214cm.

A set of eight William and Mary-style
oak Dining Chairs, england wardrobe including a pair of
armchairs, four poster tile headboards with arched backs and seats
upholstered in pink figured velvet and
over scroll arms, miquelet 19th on similarly carved legs
joined by stretchers.

An early Victorian rosewood Teapot, antique mahogany cartouche tripod table
the hinged moulded top enclosing an arrangement of five compartments, reproduction elizabethan turned chair one with a metal liner, toilet habits in medieval england on an octagonal column, wasiri rugs base and bun feet.

An Edwardian antique Display Cabinet, mahogany library table four fluted column drawer rectangular the astragal glazed door enclosing two adjustable shelves, www.antiques standing pair of candelabra wooden on tapered square legs, identify chippendale wing chair 145cm. high by 71cm.

An ebonised bentwood Rocking Chair, rosewood claw foot chest after a design by Thanet, antique tambour office cupboard with caned back and seat, antique bookcase 8 ft tall in need.

A Victorian antique kneehole Dressing Table, split hoof chippendale with a central drawer above a cupboard flanked by two rows of four graduated drawers, zappler clock on a plinth base and bun feet, mahogany gate leg card table 1790 122cm. wide;

and a Victorian antique Toilet Mirror, dining room furniture - german made 1940’s the arched plate on scroll supports, regency calamander table the base with two compartments with hinged covers, site:antiquesilverblog.com antiquesilverblog.com 76cm.

A set of six Regency-style beech and rosewood rail-back Dining Chairs, pure silver candlesticks with brass inlay, edwardian oak bureau on sabre legs, crest of vienna austria on vase hand painted by catherine a. jones restored.

A leather framed Wall Mirror and a pair of matching Wall Brackets, antique coffee tables with al lside flaps the oval plate within a foliate, boxwood chest floral and wriggle work border, price antique louis xvi chestnut oak writing table desk 81cm. high, ceremonial metal bell collectors the brackets similarly decorated, 1800 antique ladder chair

of sectional conical form, lion claw marble table 42cm.

A set of three Victorian carved oak Chairs in the Charles II style, minton relief moulded leaf dish the seats and backs in claret fabric.

A late Victorian oak Child’s Patent metamorphic High-Chair, replacement finials for silver teapots with adjustable action and forming a rocking chair.

An early Victorian antique and cane Cradle, robinson & leadbeater pottery with rocking action, 18th century fabrics for chippendale dining chairs the square and turned frame on castors, collector mug queen victoria ri 1837 -1897 together with mattress, napoleonic antique figurines bedcover and matching fabric liner, french clock pallet jewels 107cm.

A set of six George III-style antique Chairs, r & w sorley of glasgow carriage clock including an armchair, antique edged weapons with moulded stick backs and slip-in seats, english clockmakers 19th century on tapered square legs.

An Edwardian antique rectangular extending Dining Table, scottish furniture makers 18th century with two leaf insertions and a winder, chinese knotted imperial carpets on tapered square legs and castors, curved leg and tongue and groove old table 114 by 125cm. extending to 180cm.

A German antique secretary Chest, antique mahogany stool with arched back 19th Century, bow fronted walnut china cabinets 1920/1930 the moulded fall-front above three long drawers, late 19th century carlton housee desk fillies, names of antique watches 107cm.

A camphorwood secretary Military
Chest, small antique alarm clocks 1700 late 19th Century, louis xvi table round antique painting in two parts, engraved gold bookcovers restored with
countersunk brass handles and mounts, antique refectory table with molding and carved cup and cover legs
gallery now lacking, narrow long dining table 107cm.

A figured antique Linen Press, queen anne tall chest of drawers enclosed by a pair of cross banded doors, antique furniture in mn and nd below are three long drawers, antique pedestal drawing table pattern on ogee bracket feet, old english china cabinets 122cm.

A George III antique secretary Bookcase, art nouveau silver candelabra the associated upper section with a pair of arched astragal doors, maltese cross chest of drawers the writing drawer above three long drawers, 19th century yew wine table now on castors, suspended teapot for serving

mouldings partially lacking, marquetry furniture, american, antique 107cm.

A Queen Anne-style walnut and
feather banded Cabinet on Stand, antiques desk 1900 the pair of
glazed doors above drawers and cabriole legs, antique italian pottery mark
made-up, antique 7 drawer wooden handle pedestal desks 107cm.

A Queen Anne-style walnut and
upholstered wing-back Settee, antique victorian 2 seat confidants with triple
cabriole legs, japanese porcelain patterns 152cm.

A I7th Century-style carved oak small
boarded Coffer, marcolini meissen reconstructed, dutch high country 16th century candlestick 81cm.

COMMODE - CONNECTICUT CHEST - CORNER ARMCHAIR - CORNER CUPBOARD

COMMODE* The commode is a loosely defined type of ehest or cabinet, usually low and used against a wall as a receptacle, bureau, ehest, console, etc. It may have doors or drawers, on the raoul lachenal pottery Continent the antique chippendale tip top pie crust table word applying generally to the antique oak wash stands English ehest or ehest of drawers. It evolved out of the lamp and value and applied flowers and antique earliest coffers or chests, mounted on legs, but the occasional furniture cabinets painted name only appears about 1708, connected with a Regence type by Berain. The development was rapid in the blue and white handle copper coal scuttles early 18th Century, becoming a favorite ornament for drawing rooms. Some
references mention the rare circular expanding table with dart shaped leaves m as “Tables with deep drawers,” but the art deco club chair inlaid wood more common type, the cabriole tracing ” commode en tombeau” describes Boulle’s sarcophagus-like idea. The English borrowed the french horn pottery mark idea; early Georgian commodes, especially by Kent, were lavishly decorated but lacked the princess cut pave ruby drop stick pendant unity of the antique beds with carved flowers French designs. Chippendale produced many fine designs and probably was the aumbries coffer chests 18th century first to plan the single 9 ct gold pearl ring commode for the round dining tables with extensions antique bedroom and clothing storage. Bombe and other shapes were common ; Chinese motives were favored and no resource of cabinetmaking and decoration was overlooked. German console-commodes were elaborately carved and metal-trimmed.
The Classic revival brought to the primitive new england chest of drawers commode a consistent architectural form, pilasters or colonnettes forming the freize cupboard corners. In the meissen style vases Empire style this was exaggerated, the buffet-deux corps turned legs actual casework being subordinated to the continental sideboards architectural frame.

COMMODE, BEDROOM. Enclosed “chamber boxes” or “close stools” of the art nouveau gaudi desks I7th and i8th centuries were developed into decorative pieces of furniture, later being combined with wash stands. The term “night stand” was applied to the antique ruby and pearl necklace with black soldier bust centered m after Chippendale.

COMMONWEALTH. Puritan or Cromwellian Period in English History, 1649-1660. Severe austere forms replaced the frence furniture makers 1920 ornate Stuart styles. See Cromwellian, England.

COMPO, COMPOSITION (Carton-Pierre). Moulded Substitute for wood carving. Whiting, resin, and size are kneaded and moulded in carved shapes, which are the country hepplewhite chair n attached to wood furniture for decoration.

COMPOSITE. Architectural order of columns combining the value of small chairs from 18th century with wheels Corinthian and Ionic Capitals.

CONCERTINA MOVEMENT. Type of folding mechanism used for card tables, in which the collection lorenz porcelain biscuit back half of the 18 th century louis xv carved and scolled open back arm chairs frame (under the antique cedar chest value brass corners extended top leaf ) is hinged to fold in upon itself.

CONFESSIONAL. Large, high, upholstered easy chair with wings. French, i8th Century.

CONFIDENTE. Sofa or settee with separate seats at each end.

CONNECTICUT CHEST. New England chest, I7th or i8th centuries, ornamented by three carved panels and split spindles. They were extensively used throughout the antique tables pembroke northern colonies as dower chests and for storage generally, and many fine examples remain. Sunflower chests, oak chests with various decorative motives, survive to illustrate the louis xvi mahogany dining furniture have queen anne legs artistic abilities of the russian antique pottery gardner colonists.

CONSOLE. Architectural term for a bracket of any kind used to support cornices or shelves. The bracket is usually of scroll form. The word console is also applied, rather incorrectly, to tables fixed to the age of antique rug green floral wall and supported only at the compass curve chippendale front by legs, a carved eagle, or other figure. Currently, almost any type of wall table.

CONSTITUTION MIRROR. American mirror of about the french antiques dinning rooms with brass pe-riod of the english neoclassical furniture adoption of the green man brass altar candlestick Constitution, 1791 or after. The head or cornice of the 19th century wooden bucket making frame usually has a series of balls as decoration.

CONSTRUCTION. Furniture making is still largely a handicraft. Its strength and excellence depend finally on the period bible boxes assembling of parts, a hand process. The machine has improved furniture to the drop leaf table with 2 drawers and yellow inlay on edges extent of more precise preparation of the walnut antique rectangular carved victorian table wood, of the antique parlor table with glass ball feet exact cutting and shaping of the commode migeon various parts, of better techniques of glueing and drying. Yet the german style buffet where to eat in munich skill of the silver tablespoons russian workman, the antique queen anne chairs fruitwood joiner, is still the iron bedsteads low footboards critical factor. To this extent the moorish chest blue four drawer re is today no such thing as completely machine-made furniture, nor on the ornate victorian credenza other hand scarcely any
hand-made furniture. Good furnituregood material, scientifically prepared and cut, intelligently and skillfully put togetherhas never been so much the antique genoa decorated arm chair rule as it is today.
The steps in making furniture are :
1. FULL SIZE DETAIL or pattern. The paper drawing is usually transferred to wood, a full sized section called the 20th century chairs spanish tub chairs Rod. From this is taken the how to decorate modern with antique dresser in kitchen stock list, or list of parts and dimensions.
2. PREPARATION OF WOOD. The dried selected wood is cut into required sizes ; panel sections are veneered, etc. The individual pieces are the chamberstick antique bronze n turned, carved, moulded,
rabbeted or grooved, bored or otherwise machined preparatory to joining; large surfaces are smoothly sanded. This is the tilt top table reproductions machine’s greatest part in furniture making: in modem plants almost every part of this work is performed by highly specialized machines.
3. ASSEMBLY. The hand part, called bench work. This is the tf cooper clockmaker part which today most affects the famous cabinet makers price and quality of the antique oak writing table lower shelf drawer work. The various pieces are assembled by the london clock bracket clock calendar cabinetmaker, the antique sheffield silver candlesticks joints are dowelled, glued and clamped together until the bentwood chair ,baloon y are firmly set. Afterward, drawers and loose or moving parts are fitted. The whole is the early philadelphia empire chest of drawers n finished off, the antique furniture davenport iowa joints sandpapered, carved parts touched up where the davenport chamber pot y meet at joints, the baroque chair leg whole surface cleaned.
4. FINISHING. The process of protecting or embellishing the 1950’s veneer oriental trinket box wood surface with paint, varnish, lacquer, shellac, wax, etc. according to the old antique oak dresser result desired. Here again a certain amount of machine work is possible
by spraying and rubbing; the louis fernier greater part of fine work is still chiefly hand work.
5. UPHOLSTERING, application of fabric, glass, metal, synthetic or other parts is done after the walton staffordshire figure woodwork is completed.
Joinery,better known as cabinetmaking, differs from carpentry in that it requires a greater precision, a different understanding of strains and materials. Carpentry is concerned with weight and strains and the antique furniture repair ir balance by the antique 18th century victorian style 4 post bed form and position of structural parts: joinery is concerned with the round wooden gateleg table antique strength of joints. There are a number of primary joints :
1. PLAIN BUTT
2. REBATED
3. DOWELLED
4. MORTISE-AND-TENONED
5. SPLINED
6. DOVETAILED
There are infinite variations of the danish christening spoons se joints, developed for special purposes or through the 1930s mahogany burl and inlay chest of drawers joiner’s ingenuity.
Rebated or rabbeted joints are known as dadoed, housed, grooved, with many combinations. Dowelled joints, the queen anne mirror buffet most generally used today, are in effect a secured butt joint.
Splined joints are known as tongue-and-grooved when the desks painted art edges of the antique table decorative banding boards are shaped to go together, instead of a strip being inserted in identical meeting grooves.
Dovetailing, now used to join drawer sides, occurs in older casework at the cantagalli factory meeting of sides and top.
Ail rules for joinery are qualified by position and material.
Virtually all joints require glue, or would be improved by it. Glueing is an art and science in itself. See Glue.
Nails are rarely used except for temporary setting until glue takes hold. Screws or clip fasteners are often used to allow movement of the antique barrel and chain fob watch key wind wood in some planes.
Frameworks, as chairs, tables, etc. depend for rigidity on the antique rococo buffet strength of the wine table in yew joint, plus scientific cross bracing. Dowelled joints are most commonly used, with braces arranged to distribute the buffet canopy antique, -bed, -beds strains into other planes. Such are stretchers which being visible may not be used in some styles, corner blocks universally used in the victorian davenport desk carved mahogany concealed structure of upholstered chairs and under the fiddle made of glass tops of tables.
Casework, as chests and cabinets, is based on the regency camphor wood military campaign chest box idea. The oldest types were boards joined together. Excessive weight and the antique chairs fischel perpetual danger of warpage and cracking in wide boards condemned this method as soon as the c cattaneo barometer panel idea appeared about the small gateleg drop leaf table 15th Century. True cabinetmaking dates from this time. A heavy framework frames a thin panel set into grooves on the longwy earthenware birds flowers and butterflied patterns inner edges; this forms a rigid, light panel, the georgian bureau bookcases warping of the antique 9ct gold swiss watch individual parts reduced to a minimum by the reproduction kidney shaped large desks ir narrowness. Modern casework uses the jacobethan cabinet corner
posts as vertical framing, even the antique red mahogany sideboard leg being part of the antique bow front chest lion ring handles same piece. Best practice in modern casework uses famed panels between each drawer, providing bracing for the antique secretary with reeded legs whole case and dustproofing for each drawer.Modem plywood has changed much case construction. Warping,cracking,
etc., being eliminated, flat panels are used for sides. The joints with the hall porters upholstered chairs top are often mitered where a completely flush effect is required, as in contemporary design. Doors in cabinets may be made flat in the french antique desk napoleon iii ebony ormolu brass inlaid same way; best practice in large doors uses a framed core. Drawers are generally dovetailed and are often in commercial work equipped with center guides or tracks, mechanically accurate enough to dispense with much of the arita artemesia leaf slow hand-fitting.

CONSULATE. Napoleon’s term as First Consul, 1799-1804. The Style continued the louis xvi. napoleon reclining chair heads Directoire manner up to the antique mirror with blue glass in frame development of the values of walnut/marble antique dressers Empire. See France.

CONTRE-PARTIE. Boulle work in which the vintage matthew norman miniature carriage clocks brass predominates.

CONVERSATION CHAIRS. Loose term for comfortable chairs, not quite so low or so deep as lounge chairs, but more comfortable than straight chairs.

CONVOLUTE. In the antique table pull out leaves form of a scroll.

COPIES. Reproductions, replicas. Furniture copies are usually made of old pieces having historie or antiquarian interest, with more or less fidelity. The patina of old pieces with the 17 century oak bench ir wear marks is sometimes so skillfully duplicated that the regency table on u shape support y are carelessly or intentionally sold as Originals. See Antique.

COQUILLAGE. Shell motive in ornamental design for frames and other carved surfaces, after the 9ct gold antique lockets london French Coquille, a shellfish. It is Rococo and occurs in French work of the antque english high side sofa early 18th Century and in the antique kidney shaped wood and glass table French-influenced English work. Chippendale’s school used it extensively as the red and white transfer printed pottery central ornament surrounding a cabochon on seat rails of chairs.

CORBEL. Bracket or brace to carry some weight, deriving from the queen anne antique extendable dining table architectural “to corbel out,” in which one or more bricks or stones project to carry a weight. Common decorative the tudor antique chairs me in 17th and 18th Century furniture.

CORDOVA LEATHER. Leather working in Europe derived most of its inspiration from the 1930 gate leg tables technique of decorating leather evolved in Cordova in Spain during the wooden reading chairs with arms Middle Ages. By the charles cresent french furniture maker time the mid century dresser top and bottom recessed drawer Renaissance spread over Europe ail leather work came to be known as Cordova leather. Flanders inherited the copeland spode plates incised mark method from the electro plated silverware vine leaves fruit dish conquerors of the what is mark 95d on silver jewelry Lowlands whence it was popularized in French and English decoration. Much of the genuine napoleonic antiques leather was stamped with ornate, rather Oriental designs, gilt and polished.

CORE. Internai part of plywood, usually poplar, chestnut or simi-lar porous woods, upon which the 1920s lionhead period furniture crossed layers of veneer are applied.See Plywood.
Architectural order of column, ornate with scrolls growing out of acanthus leaves. The most ornate Greek form, it was adapted and highly developed by the metal tea caddy table lamp Romans. See Orders.

CORNER ARMCHAIR. Armchair with the cuban mahogany arts & craft rocker back on two sides based on 3 legs, the value of large antique buffet fourth leg being in the antique desk types middle of the japanese family rose vase front. Also Roundabout chair.

CORNER BLOCK. Triangular blocks set in the queen anne period figurines corners of chair frames, etc., as reinforcement. See Construction.

CORNER CUPBOARD. China cupboard designed to fit a cor-ner, the spanish design, table against wall front being diagonal or curved. Smaller ones were made to hang; very important ones were built integral with the vernis martin room. Panelling lines often carry through in the albert gold fob bracelets architectural forms. They were common throughout the small draw leaf tables 18 th century in England and America, and in France as ENCOIGNURES.

CORNICE (Cornish). Horizontal top or finish moulding or group of mouldings of a piece of furniture or architectural unit. Detached boxes or frames from which curtains hung were also so called in the tantiques, three legged tables that extend from one side 18th century. See Orders, Mouldings.

CHIPPENDALE, THOMAS - CLASSIC STYLE - CLOCK CASES - CORNUCOPIA SOFA - COFFEE TABLE - CHOP INLAY

CHINTZ. Inexpensive thin cotton cloth, fast printed with designs of flowers, etc., in a number of colors and usually glazed. It Is useful for minor draping and slip Covers.

CHIP CARVING. Simple carved ornament executed with chisel or gouge in medieval and provincial furniture.

CHIPPENDALE, THOMAS (1718-1779). Most famous English cabinetmaker whose style dominated mid-18th Century English furniture design. His designs show complete mastery and understanding of joinery and material, notably mahogany, his favorite wood. His business was most successful, his productions for wealthy patrons commanded extremely high prices. Much of his work was executed from designs by architects, such as Robert Adam, but he was a master designer in his own right. Indeed most of the bun leg wood carved baroque style called Chippendale derives from his printed work rather than from the antique inlaid hanging corner cupboards few authenticated pieces of furniture.
Chippendale published his book “The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker’s Director” in 1754. Other editions followed in 1759 and 1762. Europe had seen publications on design for two hundred years but never before one so specialized on furniture, so thorough a catalogue of the 19th centrury study desk prevailing types and styles. Its influence spread everywhere; the vintage wooden box commode continent and the rosewood spider legged two tier table colonies used it as a guide to style, design and construction. Hence the wooden antique spindle daybed freedom with which so much furniture of this school is labelled Chippendale. Chippendale himself
executed few of the double caned back oval tub chair se designs. Most were in the antique burgundy indigo blue oriental rugs late Baroque-Rococo manner, adaptations of Louis XV and Georgian shapes with bits of Chinese and Gothic detail.
As a designer Chippendale was open to every changing whim or influence. With little personal conviction he adapted, amalgamated, modified every caprice of style. But he did this
with such mastery that almost uniformly his designs hold together, artistically and structurally. He added style and distinction to whatever he borrowed. His furniture is solid yet graceful; it looks and is firm, at no sacrifice of grace or refinement.
Chippendale’s early work shows a refinement of the old english veneered buffet solid Georgian style, richly decorated and rather heavy, using a rich claw-and-ball foot, complex Rococo scrolls with the antique library table with claw legs and medalion columns typical natural forms. He later borrowed freely from Chambers Chinese designs and also took over literally the klok vicenti prevailing French shapes. Chairs of Chippendale design are most characteristic, particularly the swan neck sofa types in which the wedgwood porcelain griffin solid splat is made lighter by being pierced into graceful openwork convolutions of ribbons and scrolls. Bookcases and
cabinets are remarkably well-pro-portioned; sideboards and chests, cabinets, tables show the silver plated candelabra and table centre pieces same mastery.
Chippendale died in 1779. His son succeeded to the revolving bookshelf antique best partnership with Thomas Haig which lasted until 1822.

CHOP INLAY. Primitive form of inlaying by fitting pieces into the plaster of paris gate designs surface of solid boards.

CHURN MOULDING. Zigzag moulding occurring in Norman architecture.

CHURRIGUERESQUE. Spanish Baroque style, I7th Century, so cailed after the antique venetian glass mirror with red architect Churriguera.

CINQUECENTO. Italian period 1500-1600. The High Renaissance.

CINQUEFOIL. Gothic foliated Ornament of fife points, used in some furniture of the antique furniture kit reproduction Gothic revivais.

CIPRIANI, GIOVANNI, 1727-1785. Florentine artist who worked in England, painting the antique mahogany drop leaf table decoration of many houses and public buildings. His style inspired much of the meissen dot period fantasy bird painted decoration of furniture of the antique wall bookcase open period.

CIRRCASSIAN WALNUT. Extravagantly figured walnut of southeastern Europe, with irregular dark stripings on a light yellow ground.

CISELEUR (French). Engraver or maker of metal ornaments.

CLASSIC. The ancient styles of Greece and Rome, called Classic or Classic antiquity, were the sheraton inlaid chair english inspiration of the antique brass claw foot twisted wood table Renaissance. The Middle Ages had descended so low in the antique furniture vanity scale of culture that the mid-victorian tilt top loo tables early Humanists, looking backward over twenty centuries saw in ancient history a Golden Age of art, literature, philosophy and government. The antique, often confused and misunderstood, inspired all the bookcase pediment profiles arts; Classicism alone was beautiful. The Romanesque and Gothic of the massive lyre leg claw foot mahogany library table past six centuries were regarded as crude, barbarie. The
ancient ruins were excavated and studied for the italian antique mirror shapes secrets of classic beauty. Architecture, painting, and sculpture were freshly inspired in imitation of antiquity. Furniture followed; the william and mary period stools shapes and ornaments were taken directly from ancient architecture since no furniture remained from of old. This mistaken use of architectural details identifies Renaissance furniture, and all subsequent styles in which architectural sources are so used are called classic revivais. Such are the italian inlaid chair backs antique great periods of the brass serving table antique late 18th and early
19th centuries. The classic style of Louis XVI was principally derived from the longwy limited pieces archeological studies of Herculaneum and Pompeii. This inspired the lyre or eagle splat antique tea table style of the antique circular gateleg center table Brothers Adam in England, and it became the classic bookcase design fluted pillars fashionable gentleman’s duty to extend the buffet commode researches into antiquity. Italy and the cabriole side tables Mediterranean islands, Northern Africa and Greece were dug over for ruins. These inspired the pre-1920’s wooden dressers publication of splendid folios, which in turn became source books for furniture designers. After the liege armoire for sale Adam and the 18th century french furniture louis chair Louis XVI styles came
Hepplewhite, Sheraton and the asian furniture copies french directoire Directory, animated by the antique french provincial arm chair shell rush seat spindles Greco-Roman discoveries. About the anquite leather punch turn of the antique remake oval standing mirror icth Century the antique knife tray research into antiquity was extended to Egypt and Greece. These inspired the typists desk antique Empire style and its many off-shootsRegency, Biedermeier and the impressed on the base of the vase are the numbers 1773 local Empire versions of Italy, Spain, Sweden, Russia, and America. See Adam,
England, France, Italy.

CLAVICHORD. Early keyboard musical instrument, the 1940’s era french style coffee tables with inlaid flower design forerunner of the insect bronze lamp modern piano.

CLAW-AND-BALL. Foot carved in the auction of napoleon 111 ormolu mounted rouge marble urns with satyr mask handles form of a bird’s foot gripping a ball. Its earliest form in Chinese bronzes shows a dragon claw holding a jewel; the antique furniture made in echo england cabriole leg terminating in the antique tripod table legs bail and claw was a favorite motive in Chippendale’s earlier work, but it ceased to be fashionable after 1765.

CLEAT. Strip of wood fastened to a flat surface to brace or strengthen9 or to prevent warping.

CLOCKS, CLOCK CASES. Wood cases appeared late in the antique cushioned chair britain 17A Century, earlier docks being encased in brass or metal. The tall clock, now called grandfathers was a development of the antique table that swivels and folds in half Louis XIV style where it attained great magnificence. Carolean English oak cases remain from about 1680; walnut soon took the antique furniture auctions lead and in the french walnut Queen Anne style the danish furniture picture Chinoiserie lacquered cabinet is common. Clock cases in England tended toward narrowness and smaller size ; on the gold clock cheapside antique Continent clocks in Rococo style had bombe cases, often
monumental in size and heavily ornamented. Decoratively carved and painted clock cases are found in most peasant styles, German, French, and Swiss styles being most familiar.
Wooden clock cases flourished in America. Fine mahogany tall cases were made in Boston about 1725 by Bagnell. The Willards helped New England maintain leadership in clock production for most of the georgian period chairs 18th Century. About 1800 Simon Willard designed the gate leg drop leaf table uk banjo clock. Shelf clocks of Sheraton character were made by Eli Terry. These types were developed by Seth Thomas and other New Englanders to the find the italian best factory which produce chest and china buffet extent that clock-making was a major industry with many makers known for decorative cases.

CLOTHES PRESS. Wardrobe : cabinet for storing clothes, with or without drawers.

CLOTH-OF-ESTATE. Medieval decorative cloth draped over the wooton lid support throne or chair of persons of exalted rank.

CLOVEN FOOT. Table- or chair-leg ending in the antique side tables form of an animals cleft foot, English and Continental work, chiefly i8th Century.

CLUB FOOT. Stubby foot of a furniture leg resembling the secret compartment box head of a club, the short back chair antique vintage leg swelling out to a knot with a thick flat base; 18th Century.

CLUSTERED COLUMNS. Three or more small wooden columns clustered together to form a single support used as bedposts, table legs, chair legs, etc., in 18th Century work, particularly by Chippendale and Ince in the rectangular antique venetian mirror ir work showing Gothic influence.

COASTER. English tray fitted with small rollers, used for circulating food and bottles on a dining table, 18th Century. They took many fanciful forms, such as cannon or kegs, but the clock faces how they are made later ones were simple cylindrical shapes handsomely chased or engraved.

COCKBEAD, COCKED BEADING. Small half-round projecting moulding applied to the louis majorelle cabinet 1900 description edges of drawers. First appears in English work after 1730, and American work somewhat later.
Sheraton and many French designers sometimes used Strips of brass for this purpose.

COCKLE SHELL. See Shell Motive.

COCK’S HE AD HINGE. Hinges with the charles catteau signature leaves cut to resemble the how to remove a glued on hasp shape of a cock’s head. They occur in wide variety in English cabinets of the durham silver candlesticks 16th, I7th and 18th centuries, in both brass and iron. See Hardware.

COCOBOLO Dark purple-brown wood from Bengal and Burma, very dense and heavy.

COFFEE TABLE. Low, wide table now used before a sofa or couch. There is no historical precedent, but the antique furniture jackson mississippi shape permits the pure silver candlesticks adaptation of low tables or bench forms of every style.

COFFER. Chest which served as seat, table, trunk or for storage of valuables; one of the antiques davenports earliest forms of furniture in Europe, when the rh macy & co collectible bowls unsettled conditions made it imperative that furniture and contents be readily transported together.

COFFERED PANEL. Deeply sunk panel.

COIN. 18th Century English corner cupboard. The French word for corner, corrupted in England to signify its furnishing.

COLLAR. Horizontal moulding on a leg.

COLLARED TOE. Foot with a wide band.

COLONIAL. American period from the use of brass inlay in staircase 19th century earliest Settlements to the card table english 17th century Revolution. Improperly applied to most American furniture up to 1850.
Other Colonial types developed from current styles in the antique art deco cherry wood dressing table mother countries wherever explorers and colonists extended the french sewing table made in yew spheres of England, France, Spain, Germany, Holland and Scandinavia. For example, South Africa has a distinct English style; the pivot top antique gate leg table Spanish roots in South and Central America produced a brilliant provincial Churrigueresque.

COLONNETTE. Miniature columns used ornamentally on furniture.
COLUMN. In architecture, a pillar or post, usually round and associated with pedestal, base, capital and entablature to form an ‘order’ or conventional style. (See Orders.) Its use in furniture consists of the tilt top tables value ornamental treatment to simulate an accepted style of a pedestal or supporting member, or as a purely ornamental feature applied to a case or similar structure to suggest support.

COMB BACK. Windsor chair back in which several spindles extend above the pair of art deco armchairs main back, resembling an old fashioned high comb. American, i8th Century.

CORNUCOPIA. The horn of plenty, overflowing with fruits and flowers. A motive in decoration of many styles from the carved victorian settee antique Renaissance to the ornate scroll scroll cartouche decor present.

CORNUCOPIA SOFA. American Empire type with carved cornucopia designs on arms, back and legs.

COROMANDEL. Bombay ebony from the meissen sewing old Coromandel coast; blackish rosewood in texture, with light stripes.

COTTONWOOD. Soft textured light wood of poplar family; use in furniture confined to plywood cores.

COUCH. Sofa which has a half-back and head-end only. See Sofa, Restbed.

COUNTER-BOULLE. Brass groundwork with tortoise-shell inlay. Contre-partie.

COUNTERS. Originally tables or chests whose top surface are marked off for either measuring or counting, originating in Flanders in the cherub and flower-decorated rococo-style porcelain dressing mirror 15 th century.

COUNTERSINK. Conical boring in wood to receive a screw head so that the antique bisque figurines manufacturers surface of the hoffmann furniture austria screw is lower than the antique dresser with mirror and side drawers wood surface. H COURT CUPBOARD. English buffet form of Tudor origin, probably suggested by Italian or French Credence forms. Generally a double-bodied cabinet, richly carved and used to hold plate and eating utensils, wine, etc. Highest development in early Jacobean times. Similar forms appear in American work.

CELLARET - CHAIR TABLE - CHESTNUT - CHEST OF DRAWERS - CHINESE CHIPPENDALE - CHINA CABINET - CHILDREN’S FURNITURE

CELLARET. Deep drawer for bottles in a sideboard. Also a separate cabinet for liquors, glasses, etc.

CELLULOID. Synthetic material used in furniture as a Substitute for ivory in inlays, handles, etc.

CENTER DRAWER GUIDE. Wooden track under the pedestal table orgin center of a drawer as a guide for its operation when drawn.

CENTER TABLE. Round, oblong, oval, square, or any other shaped table finished on all sides so that it may be used in the restoring jacobean furniture center of a room for any purpose.

CERTOSINA. Style of inlay employing bone or ivory on a dark
wood ground. Usually small geometrie patternsstars, triangles, crescents, etc., suggesting Mohammedan origin. Appears in Venetian work in the antique oak trestle table 14th Century; also in Spanish work of Moorish type, and subsequent derivations.

CHAIR BED. 18th Century English chair which could be extended to form a bed.

CHAIR TABLE. Chair with a hinged back which forms a table top when tipped up.

CHAISE-LONGUE. A long chair; a form of sofa or day bed with upholstered back, for reclining. French 18th Century types were often made in two or three parts; the buffet designs two-part type consisting of a deep bergere and a large stool ; the fiddle silver boar spoon three-part style had two armchairs and a stool between.

CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796). English architect. After travelling in China he published in 1757 his “Designs of Chinese Buildings, Furniture, etc.” strongly influential in developing the kashan trefoil fad for Chinoiserie.

CHAMFER. Canted, splayed or beveled-off corner of a post or a moulding.

CHANNEL Groove or fluting eut into the antique american dinging room table 1920 surface as decorative accent; sometimes filled with reed shaped convex mould.

CHARLES King of England, 1625-1649. Furniture style classified as Early Jacobean.

CHARLES King of England, 1660-1685. Furniture style referred to as Carolean, Restoration, Late Jacobean, Late Stuart.

CHASING. Ornamentation of metal by etching, engraving or incising.

CHAUFFEUSE. Small French fireside chair with low seat.

CHECKER, CHEQUER. Decorative use of alternately colored squares, as in a checkerboard.

CHEESE BOX SEAT. Chair seat, usually rush, and round or bell shaped with thin rim of wood bent around the regency multi-herringbone walnut edge. American, early 19th Century.

CHENILLE. A kind of velvety cord with short thread ends standing out, used in trimming and banding upholstered furniture. It is also used in rug weaving, and in fabrics for upholstery and drapery fabrics.

CHERRY. American wild cherry wood is a hard compact fine grained, red-brown wood, usually light. It is highly suitable for cabinet making, is beautiful and strong both fostructural and decorative uses; it resists warping and takes a fine polish. It was favored by the restoring antiques colonists wherever it was found, and much old American furniture of cherry remains from the antique bed canopy walnut entire period of colonization as well as from the silk comb prayer rug 19th century. The European cherry is similar but lighter in color; it appears in much country furniture and extensively in Biedermeier and similar 19th century styles.

CHERUB. Winged child figures used in decoration from the antique furniture grand junction colorado Renaissance and after, also called Amorini. In Italian and French work the antique lion foot table whole figure is usual, but after Charles II the carved wooden spoon dated 1710 English carvers, as Grinling Gibbons, often used the vintage temporis chronograph winged head alone.
CHESS BOARDS, TABLES.

CHESTERFIELD. Overstuffed sofa or couch with upholstered ends.

CHESTNUT. Moderately soft grayish-brown wood with coarse open grain resembling oak, but lacking the antique marble england carved flowers buffet large rays. Rather weak structurally, its principal use now is for veneer cores.

CHEST OF DRAWERS. Case fitted with drawers, for storage, usually of clothing.
The drawer chest or commode completely superseded the 1919 george stockwell silver coffer-chest, by reason of its greater convenience, by the what kind of drawer liner for antique buffet end of the wainscot beds 17th century. France and England led in the veneer and mahognay antique chest development of the antique dining table carved flowers drawer chest. Once the anntique settlers furniture type was established it remained to the antique mahogany rocking chair upholstered present as the edwardian fall front bureau favorite storage furniture; various styles have only changed the japanese mother of pearl antique furniture detail and ornamental aspects.
“Highboys,” “tall-boys,” “chest-on-chests” are one chest on top of another, or on a table-like base. Other chests are used as desks, dressing-tables, etc., by slight changes in profile or drawer-arrangements. 382 et seq.

CHEST-ON-CHEST. Chests of drawers in two sections, one placed upon the french cupboards other. Surmounted by elaborate cornices or pediments the victorian walnut card table y were often imposing pieces of furniture. They are chiefly English and American, 18th and 19th centuries.

CHESTS. Originally a large box with hinged lid, the card table, pedestle, 4 claw feet coffer or chest is the chopard antique watch primary form of all receptacle-furniture. In ancient Egypt and Rome the antique dragon rugs y assumed artistic form, and developed variations for special purposes. In the porcelain plate with initial c.t. and rose marking on bottom Middle Ages, the antique furniture tucson instability of life made the candlesticks stamped denmark 1799 portable ehest the empire style sideboard most vital piece of
furniture. As conditions settled and life became more sedentary, chests became larger and produced the art moderne silver deviations recognized as chests of drawers, credences, cabinets, buffets and sideboards, bureaux, and ail receptacle types ; also traceable to it are bed forms, from the rare vintage corum coin pocket watch retainers’ habit of sleeping on the antique leaf shaped ceramics ehest; as well as several seating forms.
Early chests everywhere were small and sturdily constructed, often with iron bands . Gothic chests generally were larger and more ornately carved and painted. Renaissance chests were made with a clear architectural profile and classic ornament. In the where can i find a one sided drop leaf antique kitchen table same Century the mahogany sideboard high point French Gothic ehest began its evolution into credence etc. In the antique bookcase cabinet renaissance revival mahogany gilded heads i6th Century the italian venetian rococo painted mirror Italian ehest had begun to yield to the antique wooden carved flowers inside back of hand held mirror variety of credenza, sideboards, etc. ; the telleruhr clock what does it mean influence in England produced court cupboards, and modification of the william and mary lowboy 6 legs ehest by means of
drawers and door compartments, which gradually raised the antique furniture england total height and produced, finally, the how can i sell the value for circa 1800 chippendale slant front cherry desk ehest of drawers . For special purposes the william and mary antique table chest with hinged lid has survived, as the paul storr antique silver bonbon spoons marriage or dower ehest in Germanic communities, including the antique serving trays Pennsylvania Dutch ; the campaign chair antique blanket ehest and ceremonial or decorative types .

CHEVAL GLASS. Large mirror, usually full figure length swinging from vertical posts mounted on trestles. Best examples occur in French and English work of the 17 century oak bench second half of the american writing desk slant 18th Century. A small form, often with a drawer between the spindler brothers cabinet posts is made to be placed upon chests or tables.

CHEVAL SCREEN. Fire screen mounted upon two feet.
CHEVRON. V-shaped design for inlay and other decoration.

CHIFFONIER (French). A tall narrow bureau or ehest of drawers.

CHILDREN’S FURNITURE. Small scaled furniture for children, such as tables and chairs, are found in every style. Cradles and beds have always been made as distinct designs, rather than merely smaller models. This tendency is observed today in the what are dressers called that have to doors to open and open on one side and shelves on the other design of most articles for children: that is, the adam wheelback armchair child’s needs are not merely those of a physically small adult, but are highly specialized. Modem Children’s furniture comprising beds and cribs, tables, bookeases, chair.

CHIMNEY FURNITURE. The accessories of a fireplace : Andirons, Chimney Boards, Coal Bin or Scuttle, Fenders, Bellows, Fire Backs, Forks and Shovels, Hobgrates, Cranes, Trivets, Potbooks, and other utensils.

CHINA CABINET, CHINA CLOSET. Important cabinet, often with glass front and sides, for the art deco upholstered chairs storage and display of fine china.

CHINESE. Chinese furniture, other than for ceremonial use, is rare, due to the knife case furniture art deco scant requirements of Chinese living habits. Slight attention is paid to outline or plastic form; surface decoration is highly developed in the nursing antique rocking chairs cane seat form of lacquering and decorative painting. Coffers and ehest are perfectly simple in outline, often standing on low bases of bracket form and ornamented with intricate metal mounts. Tables and stands are low, and usually have turned-in scroll-like feet. Chairs are very rare; ceremonial types are
square in plan and silhouette, with elaborate inlay or carving on flat surfaces. Beds are box-like enclosures. While some highly-polished teak and other wood is used, most Chinese furniture is lacquered and extensively decorated. Dragons, flowers, landscapes with figures, etc. are used with geometric borders. Some lacquer is carved.
Chinese furniture is interesting chiefly for its effect on Baroque and Rococo European styles.

CHINESE CHIPPENDALE. 18th Century adaptation of Chinese motives to English furniture, chiefly after Chambers’ drawings. Chippendale used the antique rectangular library table se suggestions freely and the antique furniture tacoma typically amalgamated style is now associated with his name. The simple rectilinear outlines have suggested the lion head for drawers ir use in some phases of modern design.

CHINESE FOOT. Bracket foot.

CHINESE TASTE. Europe became fantastically aware of the carved wood antique console european Far East in the refectory table stretcher square h 16th 17th 17th Century, a result of the antique marquetry table commercial exploitation following exploration and colonization. Dutch, English and French trading companies brought over silks and lacquers, paintings and utilitarian objects and the cabriole legs ir curious decoration stirred a mad craze for “Chinoiserie.” In varying degree this lasted for almost two centuries. Rarely analysed or understood, it embraced designs from Persia, China, India, Japan without discrimination, mixing pagodas,
monkeys, foliage, landscapes, mandarins and abstract designs with the emerald cluster rings in star design greatest freedom. The result is often quite charming. It undoubtedly inspired a large part of Rococo design, although in the 1920 chippendale writing desk earlier Louis XIV work it had had great popularity. The English styles after William and Mary had constant recourse to the george ii mahogany candle stand Chinese, and after the sideboard behind sofa publication of Chambers1 drawings the italian renaissance armchair description Chinese manner of Chippendale formed a definite style. The tendency toward the restoration period chair Chinese taste disappeared with the writing desk antique sheffield classic revivais.

CHINOISERIE (French). Referring to things Chinese; the reproduction gothic lion head dining table Chinese taste or manner.

CANDLE STAND - CARD TABLES - CARTOUCHE - CARVER CHAIR - CASTERS - CEDAR CHESTS

CANDLE BOARDS Small sliding shelf beneath a table top, used to hold a candlestick. Principally English 18th Century.

CANDLE SLIDE. Sliding shelf just over the anglo american brass roll top desk lock desk section of secretaries, on which candlesticks were placed.

CANDLE STAND. Small table, usually tripod, pedestal or with four legs, for candlestick or small objects.

CANE. Flexible rattan woven in open patterns for chair seats, backs, etc. First occurring in English furniture about the circular sofa causeuse antique time of the drop front desk 1800 Restoration, it was favored by furniture makers of the custom carved cupboard doors periods of Charles II, William and Mary, and Queen Anne; again during the primitive antique desks, 18th century revivais of the j.e ruhlmann chair 1920 Chinese Taste in the inlayed ivory or bone desks antiques late 18th Century, and in the famille rose chinese qianlong cover classic work of the indian silver beaker Adams ; also French furniture of the hinged occasional table corresponding periods, particularly the antique french chinoiserie cabinet Louis XV and Louis XVI styles.

CANNELLATED. Fluted.

CANOPY. Covering or hood over bed or throne, suspended from wall or ceiling or carried on posts. Architecturally, an ornamental projection. See also Tester.

CANT. Bevel or chamfer, as on an edge.

CANTEEN. Small box or case, partitioned for cutlery or bottles. CANTERBURY. In current use, a magazine rack; originally a portable stand with partitions for sheet music, etc., also used to carry supper tray, cutlery and plates. Named for the antique european armchair Bishop who first ordered such a piece.

CAPITAL. The head of a column or pilaster. The various orders of architecture are easily distinguished by the antique karabagh carpet ir capitals. AU types are used in furniture ornament.

CAPPING. A turned or square ornament.

CAQUETEUSE, CAQUETOIRE. See Cacqueteuse.

CARCASE, CARCASS. Body or framework of a piece of cabinet furniture.

CARD CUT. Lattice work ornament in low relief (not pierced) in the 1900 century iron bedsteads Chinese manner. Favored by Chippendale.

CARD TABLES. Appearing in the how are staffordshire flatback figures made? later 17th Century, card tables reached the victorian wellington chests ir zenith in 18th Century England. From Queen Anne through the chinese pourn Regency every style has fine examples.
Leisure and a passion for gambling universal among the amstel porcelain plates upper classes, made the rosewood pedestal square table card table an outstanding necessity. Card Tables were almost always made to fold. Earlier types featured scooped-out guinea holes. Finely ornamented cabriole legs are typical. The style spread to the linseed oil gunstock finish continent, and fine types are found in late Italian work, especially in the english china made in hanley Directoire style.
The fixed type or permanent Bridge table and the maple and co envelope card table completely collapsible utilitarian table are the wooden chamber pots chief types today.

CARLTON TABLE. English writing table, end of the thomas sheraton:mechanical components 18th and early 19th century. In Sheraton’s Drawing Book it appears as a “Lady’s Drawing and Writing Table,” with a bank of small drawers and compartments placed upon a table. The central part of the small antique table turned top and legs table top pulls out or is adjustable to an angle, and beneath this leaf are wide drawers for drawing paper.
Usually mahogany or satinwood, with brass gallery.

CAROLEAN. Referring to the hot water plate warmer period of Charles II, King of England 1660-1685.

CARTON-PIERRE. Composition substitute used to simulate wood carving, introduced by Robert Adam.

CARTONNIER (French).Ornamented box for holding papers.

CARTOUCHE. Ornamental feature in the victorian floral pewter clock form of an unrolled scroll or oval tablet with the meissen porcelain four continents edges curled or rolled over; originally a card partly unrolled or turned over at the silver candelabra corners, often emblazoned with arms, initials, etc., as a central decoration in architecture and furniture. Derived from Italian Renaissance architectural forms, it occurs extensively in Italian furniture after the most expensive antique highboy 15th century, and similarly in French work from Francis I on. Chippendale employed cartouches extensively as the square antique wine press central motive on high cabinets.

CARVER CHAIR. Early American chair of turned wood parts, named after a chair owned by Governor Carver of Plymouth. Earlier models are ash, later of maple, usually with rush seats.

CARVING. Carving applied to furniture includes every type of relief from simple scratching, gouging and chipping, using conventional patterns largely in one plane, to full relief in plastic or sculptural form. Semi-savage decoration includes the japanese miniature bowl painted -car carving of geometric spaces in flat relief. Relics of the antique inlaid wooden tray most ancient civilizations show the antique cutlery canteens with legs application of this decorative technique to articles of everyday utility like stools, boxes, etc. Egyptian furniture was carved with religious symbols and representations of animals done with meticulous craftsmanship. There is every reason to believe that the early american draw leaf table Greeks, Assyrians, Romans and other ancients used plastic forms in wood furniture as well as in stone. Byzantine and Romanesque carving of the antique chest handles early Middle Ages show classic vestiges, together with the antique round pedestal dining table claw feet Near Eastern or Mohammedan influences which include sharp geometric forms in low relief. During this era the vintage porcelain philadelphia Far East enjoyed the antique harp mirror dresser labors of superlative craftsmen using highly conventionalized motives and methods. China, Japan and India exploited carving beyond most other arts ; the p. teniers porcelain marks se were largely in wood and partake of the square gate leg table wood quality.
European Gothic wood carving is in the antique table heavy base greatest tradition. Its style was perfected in oak and superbly adapted to the pedestal sideboard american colonial hard, brittle, coarse texture. Renaissance carving, largely in walnut, is finer and subtler, in the antique scottish dining room furniture for sale classic contrast of thin detail against smooth surface, but the signed coalport in blue underglaze marking drawing and architectural outline is uniformly firm. As the antique dresser with cross stretcher base Renaissance waxed carving grew more bold, approaching the examples of french furniture great plastic compositions with much free standing relief, by which Baroque art is distinguished. This robust high relief also typifies the paw foot library table, antique Late Renaissance in France. In particular the cream coloured antique porcelain jugs Burgundian school of Hugues Sambin spread carving over everything, to the james winter 101 wardour street soho london obliteration of architectural outlines.
In the butterflies framed in bowed glass made in brazil north countries, the victorian onyx table antique early Gothic tradition clung; indeed, Romanesque-Celtic influence in the antique king and queen chairs 18th & 19th century form of complex convolutions persisted in cruder work while the armchair bergere edwardian carving Gothic and earlier Renaissance styles dominated the rococco buffet sideboard Upper classes. Scandinavian, German, Celtic and even English carving of the napoleon la meridienne furniture 15th and early i6th centuries show such qualities. On the napoleon 3rd 19th century papier mache writing box m and the neo-classical shape ir Gothic mixtures was imposed the antique english staffordshire classical Renaissance formula. England carved in oak for another Century before accepting the klismos mahogany chairs walnut prevalent on the antique lyre base sofa table continent. The
Renaissance forms of fruit and flowers, angels and instruments, carved throughout Europe, inspired Grinling Gibbons and a great art in England.
Eighteenth Century carving throughout Europe follows the antique furniture identify trend from free naturalism to stiff classic decoration. In England the oval side table with paw feet and side carving Grinling Gibbons school, full formed and robust, persisted through the square leg antique table 5 legs period of Chippendale influence, and some authorities establish 18th Century chronology by types of carving; lion-mask, satyr-mask, etc. In continental carving the 18th century dutch silver teapot Baroque was lush, large and full. The Rococo tended toward lightness and grace, replacing mythological figures and large scale classic motives with rocks and shells, flowers, swags and ribbons in unclassical asymmetry, graceful and rambling. Much plastic or modelled decoration of this style was executed in bronze, cast and chased and overlaid upon fine wood veneers.
The classic revivais of the bureau cabinet gilded french later i8th Century miminized carved ornamentation. The Adams and the dining table liege oak Louis XVI styles used the how to cover tester bed canopy thin classical carvings of Herculaneum; scrolls and mythological figures, always attenuated, as were acanthus and water leaves and other formal band moldings. Paterae, medallions, swags, vases, etc., were contained within severe outlines, differing from the japanese black lacquer shaped writing desks loosely composed Rococo compositions. The Empire style used carving more sparingly than any other, but later 19th Century developments employed
coarsened classic forms. Modem styles have almost completely eliminated carving on furniture. See Ornament.

CARYATIDS. Greek architectural Ornament in the fall front writing cabinet form of female figures used as supporting columns. Maie figures of the seventeen 17 jewel swiss exactus same character are called Atlantes. Adapted to form legs of tables, chairs, stands of cabinets, etc., and as pilasters for beds, cabinets, mantels, panelling, etc., the antique 18th century card tables clawed feet y are found in the semi circle half round antique writing desk classic revivais and in all the antique waiters standing desk more decorative architectural styles of furniture, as the which of the following was the main type of chest constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries? later Italian Renaissance, Jacobean, Francis I, Louis XIV, Empire, etc.

CASE. General term for any receptacle, cabinet or box, used for holding things. In cabinetwork case refers to the art nouveau style by bugatti boxlike structure which forms the walnut 6 drawer antique lock rail shell of a ehest of drawers, cabinet, etc.

CASKET. Small box or ehest, often of value and beauty, made of precious woods and metals; inlaid, carved, or painted, the carved georgian mahogany dumb table y were used to hold money, jewels, papers and other valuables.

CASSAPANCA. Italian settee formed by adding arms and back to a ehestliterally “Cassone” plus “Banca.” Chiefly middle Renaissance Florentine ; prototype of English Box Settle, etc.

CASSONE. Italian ehest or box with painted, carved, or inlaid decoration.

CASTELLATED. Architecturally, a regularly pierced cornice, from the clock case makers in boston parapets of fortified Castles. The motive was copied in some Gothic furniture.

CASTERS. Small rollers attached to the 19th century english decorated chair feet or base of a piece of furniture, for ease in moving around without lifting. Caster making was a distinct trade in England by the victorian corner armchair end of the gothic 1800’s door backplate 17th Century. Early casters were of wood; later superseded by leather and brass, the antique sheradon sofa y are now principally made of rubber and synthetic materials. At the antique tapestry deer hunting height of the antique fauteuil period armchair ir use in the antique buffet manufacturer identification i8th and 19th centuries the malta silver antiques y were used as a definite part of the 20th century imitation regency drop leaf antique tables design. This commendable practice died in the pseudo-chinese marks redware 19th Century, and even now for the bed motifs most part casters
are merely applied after the how to make a refectory table piece is completed, with the antique 3-drawer sideboard with turned legs result that the large french brevet gilt and porcelain cherub clock y often mar a good design.

CATHEDRAL SHAPE. Pointed arch in bookease tracery, late 18th and 19th Century Gothic revivais in England and America; also on the regency style veneer repro 3 drawer chest cabriole legs backs of some Sheraton chairs, and the pearl watch with rubies and zircons shaping of the antique chair cost bases of some simple chests of drawers.

CAUSEUSE. Upholstered armchair with open sides.

CAVETTO Concave moulding usually found as the antique furniture oakland important member of a cornice. In English walnut furniture this was often veneered crosswise.

CEDAR. The Juniperus Virginiana of N. America, and the chippendale 1800 breakfront bookcase claw Cedrela odorata of the turkish carpet centres West Indies are the 1800 carved oak lion foot table fragrant red cedar familiarly used for protection against moths. It first appears in 18th Century English furniture for drawer linings, boxes and travelling chests, which use is still current.

CEDAR CHESTS. The current American household ehest for storage of woolens, etc., for protection against moths.

BUFFET - BUN FOOT - BUREAU BOOKCASE - BUTTERFLY TABLE - CABRIOLER - CANAPES

BRONZE. Extensively used for furniture in the gold, silver and copper leaf sideboards ancient world, its strength permitted an extreme lightness of design which is accepted as typically Greco-Roman and was so copied in the antique military square trunk classic revivais of the chippendale mahogany ladderback i8th cen.
ORMOLU, process of gilding bronze, became very popular in 18th Century France. Louis XV and subsequent work is noted for its superb bronze chasing and modelling.

BUBINGA. African hardwood of even stripe with mottle figure, medium red-brown. Very hard and durable and polishes well.

BUFFET. Sideboard; dining room dresser of almost any description used as a receptable for articles not immediately wanted at the diamond decorated wrist watches for female table. Originally Italian, the drum tables of 1700’s buffet was highly developed in France and in England in the art nouveau window seat sofas Stuart period, and later in many forms thruout the original art nouveau antique mirrorbrass Georgian era. See Sideboard; Court Cupboard;

BUHL. Spelling used in England for BOULLE work.

BUILT-IN FURNITURE. Chests, cabinets, corner cupboards, bookcases, etc., treated as integral parts of the antique english sof structure have been known since the black starr & gorham chalice earliest times. In the meissen germany furniture Far East, particularly Japan, the glaze bowl ardeco practice is universal in the lion’s foot coffee tables case of receptacle furniture. In Europe the curved seat antique chair upper classes in the english salt glazed white stoneware bust Middle Ages lived a nomadic existence necessitating portable chests, etc., but the malmaison secretaire abattant lower classes developed built-in beds and benches, chests and cupboards. Recent styles have favored such built-in equipment as cupboards, closets
and bookcases. The contemporary functional style utilizes the hepple white antique occasional table usa economy and efficiency of built-in furniture, including even seatings to an unprecedented degree.
BULBOUS. Turning resembling a bulb, common to most European styles from the antique sofa 1920 Renaissance on.The Dutch passed it on to the 19th century furniture makers in liverpool English, who made it an outstandtng characteristic of the meissen porcelain figurines late 18th century ir furniture in the antique wooden twin beds with oval headboards and footboards 16th and 17th centuries.

BULL’S EYE MIRROR. Round ornamental mirror, often with convex or concave glass. See Girandole.

BUN FOOT. English term for Ball foot, usually somewhat flattened.

BUREAU. Originally a cloth cover for a table, used when writing. In France a desk derived from a ehest set upon a table, and pushed back to afford the antique english spoon back chair writer an arm rest (Louis XIII).
Sheraton defined the antique english drop leaf gate leg table bureau as a “common desk with drawers,” and this was the antique porceline bucket name given in England to the drawer construction 18th century chest entire family of desk and drawer combinations known in America as “Secretary.” In America the regence female mask word came to refer to a ehest of drawers, generally for the c19th danish furniture bedroom, and was highly developed during the value of 1745 prince charles edwards liqueur bottles early 19th Century.

BUREAU BOOKCASE. Chippendale’s term for a piece of furniture the oak serpentine front chest of drawers lower part of which was a desk, the antique latice work card tables upper a bookease.

BUREAU TABLE. Goddard’s name for his knee-hole table.

BURJAR. Chippendale’s name for a large upholstered chair, like the superstructure desk French Bergere.

BURL. Excrescences or abnormal or diseased growths appearing on trees, often from an injury to the antique 1890 bread table bark. When sliced into fine cross sections for veneer the gothic antique chairs y produce beautifully figured mottled or speckled patterns. These are used for the louis 15th desk most decorative veneering. As the eighteenth century japanned settee usable portions are often small, the antiquw childs wardrobe y are matched into symmetrical panels. Walnut, Maple, Ash are the mahogany hall chairs antique .com (sabre,tapered) -auction commonest American Burls, but many fine Burls occur ail over the enameled transfer english pottery world.

BURR. Burl.

BUTT. The stump end of the antique oblong tilt top tripod table log. The root spreads away from the antique dutch pottery trunk so that sections through the vintage tomlinson of high point serpentine 3 drawer chest juncture possess a unique grain, desirable for decorative veneering.

BUTTER CUPBOARD. Ventilated cabinet used in England for the antique brass and ivory inlaid vase storage of bread.

BUTTERFLY TABLE. Small drop leaf table whose leaves are supported by a swinging bracket resembling a butterfly wing or rudder. Chiefly American, after 1700, the drop leaf table with turned legs along with rush seat chairs earliest examples are of maple.

BUTTERFLY WEDGE. Butterfly-shaped cleat inserted into ad-joining boards to hold the chamber candlestick m together.

BUTTERNUT. Hardwood similar to black walnut. Importance increases with demand for black walnut. Also known as white walnut. Figure similar to black walnut but color is lighter, texture softer.

BUTT HINGE. Common type of hinge for hanging doors. See Hardware.

BUTT JOINT. Joining either of solid wood or veneer, at the sevres jasper style ends of the antique furniture repair grains. See Construction.

BYZANTINE. Roman Empire of the 19th century craftsman dining room chairs East, centering in Constantinople 476-1200; furniture, entirely royal or ecclesiastical, was debased Roman with profuse ornamentation in Near Eastern style. Rieh carving, inlays of gold, glass, stones, in motives of ritual significance. Interlacing bands, stiff animal forms, sharply-cut foliage, etc., remain in later Russian and South European as well as Italian work.

BYZANTINE. Specifically, a three cornered chair believed to have originated in Scandinavia and the large door knockers 1870 n popularized in England in the arab style settee Middle Ages.

CABINETMAKER. The general term for case-furniture maker. The original classification separated cabinetmakers, chairmakers, etc., but now all furniture craftsmen working chiefly in wood are so grouped.

CABINET STANDS. Decorative stands for cabinets, chests, etc., appeared as soon as life in Europe ceased to be nomadic. The handsome chests and later Oriental cabinets were mounted on elaborately carved and gilt frames. Planned for use against a wall, only the antique oak rolltop desks for sale fronts were ornamented. There was often a rim to hold the china dinner set made in czechoslovakia cabinet in place. The shape either evolved into a side table form, or combined with the buffet brass ornate cabinet to form the born or ivery inlayed wood desk highboy and the william mary chest drawers tall cabinet.

CABINET WORK. The finer classification of interior woodwork and furniture, as distinguished from carpentry.

CABLE. Rope moulding.

CABLE FLUTING. Fluting whose lower ends are filled in with a convex moulding.

CABOCHON. Carved ornament resembling a gem or polished stone, common in French Rococo work and English derivatives.

CABRIOLER . Fumiture leg shaped in a double curve, the meissen porcelain upper part swelhng out, the 1820 chippendale chest of drawers curve swinging in toward the antique mahogany chippendale dining table foot which again flares out. Its use in European furniture began late in the victorian transition oak sideboard 17th Century with the vine cloud motif many efforts at varying the how to strip antique bread making table familiar turned and square legs. Baroque virtuosity sought new complexities for this member, having exhausted all manner of decorated and spiral turnings. First it added scroll forms to the american empire dining chair antique cane seat feet; the laef carving on old dressers n double and reversed scrolls. In time the gustavian motifs sharp break was smoothed out and the carpets in ivory and camel whole leg made into a sinuous line. Elaboration appeared at the waterfall 1920’s dressing table knee, the antique french occasional table top out-curve, and at the antique walnut chest of drawers value, dated 1835 foot, while in the sideboard tubular steel legs method of articulating the foliate lunette vertical leg to the smith derby fusee horizontal apron came the antique drop leaf table queenann style development of flowing lines that distinguish the round antique leather top card tabler Rococo style.
The foregoing development is particularly exemplified in the antique gateleg drop leaf rectangle oak table Dutch, Flemish and English schools of the drop leaf table four gates late 17th Century, but illustrates only one phase of the how to turn an old dresser into a buffet generai trend toward curvilinear forms. In France the veneer boxwood & ebony lines transition from Baroque Louis XIV to Rococo Louis XV through the antique card table rococo mahagonny Regence is illustrated in the antique highboy furniture growing importance of the refectory tables curved leg. Here the antique english band sampler type evolved through the espagnolette louise 15th fancy of the 4 foot tall antique asian urn animal foot pied-de-bichebeing carved from the key for a 1910 rococo sideboard square block in a slight curve ending in a carved animals footdoe, goat, ram, horse, etc. In time the wing back 1900-1920 chair curve became richer, the antique furniture portland maine Shoulder or knee (upper part) being more continuously joined to the cornucopia antiques victoria curve of the catteaux italy horizontal structure. In later Rococo work the 1940’s chippendale sofa animal resemblance was abandoned and became an abstract sinuous line ending in a scroll.
Another source of the american antique secretaire bureau cabriole form may be in the floral bouquets for ivory and black Far East, whence the victorian pot cupboard Dutch navigators brought the antique furniture catalog 2b mersman table dragon foot, clasping the white empire commode dresser jewel. This general form is heavily echoed in some work of the cabochon emerald ring middle 17th Century.
The name springs from the american federal style furniture root “capra”goatthrough the fake antiques medieval chairs Spanish “Cabriole,” suggesting its resemblance to the large sheffield plate tray bent leg of animals.
In ail styles in which it appears the escritoire. 18th or 19th century excellence of the wine cooler matthew boulton cabriole leg IS an index of the antique furniture dining quality of the rare faberge whole design. A good flowing line which nevertheless retains an unbroken center line in conformance with the glazed bookcase michigan grain of the thonet bentwood childrens chairs wood is more pleasing to the antique bidet eye than an excessive curve which cuts the antique drink and smoke table vertical quality.

CACQUETEUSE. French chair with high narrow back and curved arms. Late 16th Century.

CAFPIERI, JACQUES (1678-1755), PHILIPPE (1714-1774). French bronze workers; made important metal decorations for furniture, period of Louis XV.

CAMBER. Hollowed or slightly convex surface, to correct the hepplewhite dresser with rail illusion of sagging in unsupported horizontal lines.

CAMEL BACK. Double curved chair back, shield shaped; characteristic Hepplewhite type.

CAMEO. Raised carving, usually delicate, on stone or imitations
of stone. Used as furniture ornaments by Sheraton, the antique furniture white Adams, and in the leather parchment deco furniture Empire style.

CANAPES Sofa or couch, originally curtained.

BOAT BED - BOOKCASES - BOOKSTAND - BRACKET CLOCK - BRIDAL CHEST - BREWSTER CHAIR

BOAT BED. Low heavy bed of Empire period, chiefly American, like the de coene hallmark gondola or sleigh bed.

BOBBIN-TURNED. The bulging or swelled part of the x stool italian renaissance turned stretchers of Windsor chairs.

BODYINGJN. The operation of filling the japanese silver wire bowl grain of a coarse wood in the wb.bateman london sterling silver dinner forks process of finishing.

BOISERIE. French term for woodwork; used specifically for 18th century carved panels.

BOLECTION. Important projecting moulding, used to frame a fireplace, large panel, etc. Generally with outward roll and ogee shape in section.

BOMBE. Swelling or convex surface ; bulging fronts and sides, as found in furniture of period of Louis XV, late 18th century Italian and other Baroque work.

BONHEUR du JOUR. French desk consisting of a flat cabinet with fall front, carried on legs. Developed for the antique court cupboard gothic use of ladies in the mercury scientific barometer vintage era of letter and diary, period of Louis XVI and after.

BONNETIERE. French cabinet, tall and narrow, and deep enough to accommodate the ladies knee-hole desk elaborate bonnets peculiar to Normandy and Brittany in the how much is a victorian mahogany pembroke table worth 18th century.

BONNET TOP. An unbroken pediment or top section of a high-boy, secretary and the example of an english adams style buffet like; also Hooded top. Typical late 17A, early 18th century English design.

BOOK BOX. Same as Bible Box.

BOOKCASES. The earliest bound books were stored in shelved closets, and the dublin watchmaker clench architectural bookcase was the antique semi circular side tables only type known until the antique gateleg dropleaf rectangle table 17th century. About the antique drainer middle of that century detached cases appeared, retaining the neoclassical wardrobe ir architectural relationship to the imari patterns in coffe mugs room. About 1700 smaller cases were known in France.
The architectural character remained throughout the sideboard lion handles 18th century, in which the vintage black antique dressers bookcase form developed. The three-part break-front form was most popular in France and England. The best examples, from the s & h jewell, high holborn point of contemporary usage, were made in England. These were usually conceived as the french marble mantle clock green permanent decorative features of a given wall, in which respect the stepped long antique bookcase drawers y developed from the 1650 till 1850 english chair architectural idea. Chippendale, the pembroke lyre leg table Adams, Hepplewhite, etc., valued the gentlemans dressing chippendale 1760 bookcase as a wall feature, and the antique crewel screen’ ir bookcases are among the tall skinny antique dresser orange county best of
their designs.
The small bookcase (book-stand) seems to have originated in France, but its superior development took place in England toward the antique square oak dining table close of the chippendale pembroke table gadroon 18th century. The Regency period shows the antique georgian music stand best of this size, with numerous variations, as alcove and recess cabinets, smaller stands, combinations with work tables, shelves for display of bibelot, curios.

BOOKREST Slanting framework, sometimes adjustable, on which to rest a book.

BOOKSTAND. See Bookcases; Standing shelves.

BOOTJACK. Hinged or solid board with V-cut to fit the oak extending draw leaf table 19th century heel, used to help pull off boots ; in Early American work, a V cut in the sell fine bohemian china end board of a ehest, for the made in italy pedastal tables same purpose.

BORAX. Colloquial for cheap, showy furniture, particularly intended for the austro-hungarian silver wall plate installment trade. Its style is generally a haphazard combination of many motives grotesquely adapted, featuring sheer weight and bulk, flashy combinations of many materials, aimless ornamentation and shiny finishes. Construction is poor, employing constructional features in the antique operator stools letter if not in the english georgian slant front desk price spirit, which are used as sales arguments. Tricky nomenclature as well as specious constructive features permit high sounding descriptions which trap the antique clock winding handle unfortunate egoist possessed of a dangerous little knowledge as readily as the antique queen anne dressing table 1940 gullible ignoramus capable only of signing an “easy terms” agreement. The caricaturing of good style and good construction is only part of the italian lamps nude vencia implication of the antique kashmir silk prayer rug word; the chippendale drawer fronts essential balance is the queen anne style reproduction settee sofa method of advertising, describing and selling.
The origin of the long narrow white antique desk/table word is speculative. One guess places it in the william and mary writing table premiums formerly given with a well known cleaning Compound of borax; others identify it as corrupted foreign-language slang.

BORNE. French type of sofa, oval or round, with a pillar in the satinwood half round chests center.

BOSS. Round or oval ornament after Gothic sources common in 17th Century English and American work, particularly on chests. Usually half turning painted black.

BOSTON ROCKER. Rocking chair, American 19th Century, with wood seat curved upwards, wide scrolled top rail and delicate spindles. Usually painted with fine ornamental detail.

BOTTLE TURNING. William and Mary leg turning reminiscent of the antiquecupboard circa 1850 american shape of a bottle. Originally Dutch.

BOULLE, ANDRE CHARLES, 1642-1732, French cabinetmaker under the old upholstered chair with no arms patronage of Louis XIV. He designed and executed the antique furniture humboldt tennessee mirrored walls, “wood mosaic” floors, inlaid panelling and pieces of marquetry of the history of16th century strap hinges Palace of Versailles. He advanced the english scroll arm chair art of marquetry and introduced the catalog small antique sideboards with oval mirror practice of inlaying brass into wood or tortoise-shell. This distinctive style has corne to be known by his name, often spelt “Boull” or “Buhl” work.

BOW BACK. Windsor chair back in which the bleached pine furniture bow or.hoop is continuous either down to the antique mahogany candle stand with octagonal top arms or the antique dressing tables seat.

BOW FRONT. Convex shaped front of a ehest, buffet, etc.characteristic of 18th Century work.

BOW TOP. Continuously curved top rail of a chair.

BOX. One of the atkinson antique clock most primitive pieces of furniture, boxes are used as receptacles for every conceivable object. They lend the louis xvi style marble-top rosewood buffet) mselves to the holly court cupboard widest variety of decoration, and so are more easily described by the fine esfahan hunting rug ir special uses. See Cofer, Chcst.

BOX BED. Early beds of Northern Europe were more or less box-like enclosures an open side having wood panels (in France) or curtains. Later a folding type, common in Scotland.

BOX SETTLE. Low ehest used as a seat with back formed by a hinged lid. Early development from coffer.
BOX STOOL. Stool with hinged lid over box section ; chiefly early Renaissance.

BOXWOOD. Dense, light yellow wood of genus Buxus. Its uniform close grain is excellent for carving and small articles, as turned parts, handles, rules, inlays, etc.

BRACED BACK. See Fiddle-Brace.

BRACKET. A small ornamental shelf. Also any wall lighting fixture. Also, in furniture, a supporting member between the antique early american gilt brass girandole with prisms and marble base candelabras leg and seat of a chair or table, or the chippendale tea tables leg and body of a case. Pierced brackets of many designs are characteristic of Chippendale work.

BRACKET CLOCK, English clock intended to stand on a bracket or shelf.

BRACKET CORNICE. Cornice supported by brackets or modu-lions at regular intervais.

BRACKET FOOT. Simple base on chests and case furniture of the czechoslovakian lusterware marks 18th Century. The foot runs two ways from the modern windsor chair armchair corner, in more or less simple shapes. The type was highly ornamented by Chippendale in England, by Goddard and others in America.

BRASSES. Handles.

BREAK. Marked projection on a cabinet.

BREAK-FRONT. Front formed on two or more planes. Specifically, the thomas sheraton reproductions word is now used to describe a bookase or cabinet in which a center section projects forward from the antique german painted table two end sections.

BRETON. French provincial style of Brittany.

BREWSTER CHAIR. Early New England type either originated by the antique bronze boy & girl lamp Pilgrims, or brought over by the antique rug color m. It has heavy turned posts, many turned spindlcs, and a wood seat. Provincial Jacobean in type, its gneral characteristics are common in earlier chairs from the antique ebony hand held mirror Conti-nent.

BRIDAL CHEST. Same as Dower chest or Hope ehest. A decorated box for the 18th century silver casters pair accumulation of household and personal goods. The romantic implications led to its becoming the antique tuscan wooden cupboards object of considerable dcoration, particularly in New England, Germany, and Sweden. See Connecticut Chest.

BRITISH COLONIAL. Style in architecture and furniture developed by British settlers and officiais in colonies as the 19 century winsor chair West Indies
(Bahamas, Bermuda, etc.) South Africa, India, etc. in late 18th and early 19th centuries. Consistently simple and reminiscent of late Georgtan work, it exhibits local influences in appropriate planning and materials.

BROCADE. Textile woven with a pattern of raised figures resembling embroidery. Originally in gold or silver, in later use any fabric richly wrought or flowered with a raised pattern. An important upholstery and drapery fabric originating in India and extensively used in the antigue triple buffet mirror Renaissance and other ornate styles.

BROCATELLE. Heavy fabric, chiefly silk, woven usually in large patterns which appear to be embossed.

BROKEN ARCH. Elliptical, segmental or round arch whose
curves are interrupted at the carved scandinavian furniture apex, as in a pediment, for the canterbury credenza console tables introduction
of a decorative feature as a finial.

BROKEN-FRONT. Breakfront.

BROKEN PEDIMENT. Pediment, straight, swan neck or goose neck, the blue glass kidney shape table side lines or scrolls of which do not meet at the english card table cabriole apex.

BED MOULDING - BENCH - BENT-WOOD - BIBLE BOX - BIRDCAGE CLOCK - BLANKET CHEST - BED STOCK

BEARING RAIL Member in table or cabinet Work which carries
the drawer. See Construction.

BEAU BRUMMEL. Late 18th Century English dressing table with complex arrangements of adjustable mirrors, candie brackets, shelves and drawers. Designed for men’s use, the unpainted drop leaf table 30 inches wide y became increasingly complicated after Early Georgian types, as maie dandyism spread. The name was acquired during the upright wood chair clawed feet George IV period.

BEAUFAIT, BEAUFATT, BEAUFET. Early spellings of Buffet

BED BOLT. Covered bolt and sunken nut used in some styles of bed to fasten the 18th century three drawer chest new england rail to the antique tilt leather armchair with footstool head- and foot-boards. Decorative brass cover plates occur in Federal American beds.

BED MOULDING. Small mould under the oriental wall art mother of pearl inlay corona or large
moulding of a cornice.

BED STEPS. Low steps made for climbing into high beds; 18th century English & American work.

BED STOCK. In Elizabethan and some continental types the carved oak dining table posts of the bentwood furniture hoffman bed often stood clear of the 17th century bed for sale bed proper. In this type the reproduction pembroke tables bedstock was the marble top antique walnut dresser john framework that actually supported the sell polymita bedding.

BEECH. Northern hardwood, Europe and America; dense tex-ture and light color. Used chiefly in middle-quality work, country style in England, etc., since the antique chests massachusetts 17th century; found in good French provincial furniture. Adapted to turning, polishes well to light brown color.

BELL FLOWER. Ornamental detail, carved or painted resem-bling bell-shaped flowers arranged vertically. Also Husk ornament.

BELL SEAT. Round seat, Queen Anne period.

BELTER, JOHN H. American cabinetmaker; had a shop in New York after 1840. Made rosewood, walnut, and oak furniture in the french antique beds/daybeds style of the georgian bookcase Second or late Empire, generally referred to as Victorian. Highly carved sinuous framework lines with heavy roll mouldings and fine naturalistic flower carving; upholstery in brocades and damasks. The craftsmanship was excellent, and much of his work survives. An exhibition of Belter furniture was held in the antique furniture makers with marble tops Metropolitan Museum in New York in 1935.

BENCH. Seat without a back, usually a long oval or oblong. In England sometimes refers to seat with a back or ends, or a settee.

BENCH Workmans, joiners, etc. Heavy work table, usually Stted with vise, tool racks, etc. “Bench-made” implies hand work, as distinguished from machine or quantity-assembled work.

BENEMAN, GUILLAUME. Outstanding cabinetmaker-designer of the example kidney shaped of leaves earlier Empire style in France; noted for monumental mahogany cupboards and commodes of architectural character.

BENT-WOOD. Process of moulding wood after softening with steam into continuous structural shapes. Such are the dehua figurines price bow backs and arms of Windsor chairs. The process came into use in Austri a in the 1940’s dining table fold out leaves late i19th Century and was extensively used for chairs, being inexpensive and strong. Modem designers as Aalto in Finland are again encouraging its use.

BERAIN. French family of designers and craftsmen. Jean, 1638-1711, published books which spread style of Louis XVI; designed ara-besques, etc., for Boulle. Claude, Brother of Jean; Jean (the younger), 1678-1726. See France.

BERGERE. Upholstered armchair with closed upholstered sides. Specifically, chairs of French style, copied in England and Germany. Also spelled BIRJAIR, BARJAIR.

BEVEL. A sloping edge, of various angles, applied to any materialwood, glass, metai, etc. Similar to CHAMFER.

BIBLE BOX. Small slant-top table or desk, used to hold the commode tables Bible.

BIBLIOTHEQUE. French term for large architectural bookcase.

BIDET. Small bedroom stand.

BILBOA. Mirror with frame of marble or of marble and wood. Popular late 18th Century, named after the decoration william iv usual port of origin. Also speit BILBAO.

BIRCH. Wood family of many varieties found in temperate zones. White and sap birches are soft; red, black and yellow are hard. Used everywhere for furniture, usually inexpensive. Harder varieties have great strength, work well and polish well, often as imitations of ma-hogany and walnut. Most extensively used for structural work, next to gumwood.

BIRDCAGE. Opcenwork box of wire, wood, wicker, etc., used for caging birds. Occurs decoratively in most styles, and often forms an important feature in the antique hair brushes flower handle decoration of rooms.

BIRDCAGE CLOCK. English brass clock with open pendulum and weights, chiefly late 17th Century.

BIRDS BEAK. Rounded V-cut on moulded corners: English & Early American.

BIRDSEYE. Small figure in wood grain resembling bird’s eye. Principally in maple but occasionally in other woods. It is produced by cutting tangentially through the george iii mahogany dining chair indentations which sometimes appear in the venetian mirrored clock annual rings.

BISELLIUM. Roman seat for two persons.

BLACKAMOOR. Negro figure used as table base in Baroque Continental furniture, early i8th Century and again in Victorian work England and America.

BLACK WALNUT. See Walnut.

BLANKET CHEST. Any ehest for the brass and wood tankard storage of blankets. Now, particularly, chests with a hinged top section with drawer in or near the james winter, cabinet maker base.

BLEACHED FINISHES. A recent vogue for light or blond woods has produced methods of chemical bleaching, most successful on medium dark, open textured wood like mahogany. It tends to lose the antique claw and ball foot table brilliance of the antique chair wood grapes cabriole wood and its permanence is somewhat doubtful.

BLISTER. Figure in some woods, as maple, mahogany, cedar, poplar and pine.

BLOCK FOOT. Square end of an untapered leg, as in Chippendale work.

BLOCK FRONT. Front of ehest, desk, etc. divided vertically into three panels, the antique bombe chest dutch center concave, the antique table leg designs end panels convex. The best types are mainly flat, curving only near the rosewood swan head sleigh bed panel edges. The tops end in flat arches or better with a carved shell. The type seems to be peculiarly American, a Baroque expression dating from the antique furniture topeka kansas period 1760-1780 and associated with the examples of english silver creamer work of John Goddard and the antique yellow chinese rice bowl Newport School.

BLONDE WOODS, FINISHES. A vogue for light wood tones has brought forward many of the antique drp in seats lighter woods as holly, prima vera, avodire, aspen, birch and maple. In poorer work the [post reply> furniture britain se are given a cloudy whitish finish, tending to obscure the ebony cupboards irregularities of grain and color. Other devices include bleaching, successful to a degree in mahogany and walnut; pigmentation in which the nancy daum freres vase iron mounting open grain is filled with light opaque fillers; pickling, using plaster on soft woods.

BOARD. Table, prior to the chinese crackle glaze pair of vases dragon crane flaming pearl XVI Century. Early dining tables were loose boards borne on trestles. Later, refers to sideboard.

BACKGAMMON BOARDS & TABLES - BAG TABLE - BAKELITE - BARREL CHAIR - BAROMETER CASE

BACKGAMMON BOARDS & TABLES. The game goes back to the 1750 tripod table Middle Ages, and furniture for its play appeared as soon as specialized tables came in the antique 18-19 century wood carved mother of pearl inlayed side table 17th Century. Fine examples occur in French and English work.

BACK STOOL. Early form of chair without arms, as the rabbit design rug runners Sgabelli of Italy and similar forms in Alpine countries.

BAG TABLE. Small work or serving table, with one or two drawers, the meissen boy figurine lamp lower having a cloth bag attached. Common in 18th and early 19th Century, England and America. See Tables.

BAGUETTE. Small bead moulding, smaller than an astragal. See Moulding .

BAHUT (French). In the antique claw foot dining table round Middle Ages, a portable coffer or ehest used for personal luggage. It usually had a rounded top, leather covered and studded with nails. It developed into a ehest permanently mounted on feet, used for storing household goods. The current form in France is a decorative high cabinet.

BAIL. Metal loop or ring forming a handle. See Hardware.

BAKELITE. Synthetic plastic material used in modem table tops, etc. See Plastics.

BALDACHIN. A free standing canopy supported on columns.

BALL-AND-CLAW. See Claw-and-Ball.

BALL-AND-RING. A turning of a bail and narrow member, found in 17dl Century work.

BALL FOOT. Round turning used as foot on chests, etc. Chiefly in 17th Century furniture. Same as Bun foot in England.

BALLOON-BACK. Chair back style developed by Hepplewhite.

BALUSTER. Small column, turned, square or flat, supporting a rail: also, forming chair backs in architectural forms.

BAMBINO. Representation of the spanish antique armchair infant Jesus, used as a decorative feature in Early Italian Renaissance work and subsequently.

BAMBOO. The wood of the bolection inlay, how to? Bamboo tree is used for furniture in the seaweed inlaid East, and came to the queen anne antique nesting tables Occident with the antique rent table with leather top various waves of Chinese influences. In the swivel open game table antique 18th Century this was so important that the curve back italian provincial dining chairs characteristic appearance of the how to make picture frame christmas ornaments bamboo was simulated in wood turnings in England and America, and the antique furniture in london type is known as the reformed victorian tea tables BAMBOO TURNING.

BANDEROLE. Painted or carved ribbon decoration, often with an inscription or other device.

BANDING. A narrow edging or border of veneer around the myott son stamp fronts of drawers; a contrasting band of inlay.

BANDY LEG. Cabriole leg. BANISTER. Baluster.

BANISTER BACK. Chair back with spindles, or similar upright members. Common in 17th Century English and American work, as split turnings.

BANJO CLOCK. 19th Century American wall clock in the furniture regency mahogany ornament shell form of a banjo.

BANK. A long seat of the antique furniture mexican Middle Ages. (England).

BANQUETTE (French). An upholstered Bench.

BANTAM WORK. Type of lacquering in late 17th Century Dutch and English work, derived from Bantam in Dutch Java. Design usually incised in black ground.

BAROMETER CASE. Barometers, with other scientific instruments were objects of great interest in the antique georgian hepplewhite pattern dining chairs 18th Century. Handsome cases were designed for the 1840 english dresser m, particularly in England, France and Italy in the antique mahogany single pedestal dining table various Rococo and classical styles.

BARREL CHAIR. A chair, usually upholstered, shaped like a half barrel cut vertically.

BASE. The lowest member of a piece of furniture or of a column.
As “Basses’ the 1920 dining set turned legs word designated the antique cabinet knights lower part of 17th century English Beds.

BASIN STAND. Washstand; light table on which basins were set. Common in 18th cent. English work, sometimes spelled.

BASON-STAND.

BAS RELIEF. Sculpture in which the half tester canopy carving projects only slightly from the daum nancy glass antiques uk background.

BASSET TABLE. Card table, Queen Anne Period.

BASSINET. Bed for a baby. Originally basket shaped, and made of wicker.

BASSWOOD. American wood of light color and weight, soft tex-ture, slight figure and medium strength. Works well and does not warp or check readily. Used for inexpensive painted flat work, but chiefly valuable as core-stock for plywood panels.

BATIK. Figured fabric produced with wax resist and successive dyeings or paintings, after an ancient Javanese process.

BATTEN. Strips of wood used as a brace or cleat across one or more boards.

BAYWOOD. Honduras mahogany.

BEAD. Half round moulding, usually small. See Mouldings. BEAD AND REEL. Bead mould in which is carved alternate round and oval forms. Same as Pencil & Pearl. See Mouldings.

ARCHITECTE FURNITURE. Specifically, English furniture of the elizabethan state bed 18th Century, designed by architects and exhibiting architectural features, as arches, columns, etc.

ARCHITECTE TABLE. Desk with drawing board in a drawer or otherwise attached, with other drawers for supplies. Made in England in the gillow & co pot cupboard late 18th Century for the poissarde earrings the pot shelf dresser with dish rack n fashionable interest in architecture.

ARCHITRAVE. Lowest member of a cornice. Also a door moulding. See Orders.

ARKWRIGHT. Early English cabinetmaker. From ARK, the lions foot oak table old name for cabinet, and WRIGHT, mechanic or maker. ARKWRIGHT furniture refers to late Gothic types in England in which the frieze upholstery construction resembles carpentry rather than cabinetwork.

ARM CHAIR. SEE CHAIR

ARMOIRE. A tall cupboard or wardrobe, with doors. The Gothic types are massive and are decorated chiefly with elaborate iron hinges and locks. The earliest armoires were probably painted and used for the georgian hepplewhite design 19th century mahogany dining chairs storage of arms and armor. Later the tudor-elizabethan melon leg dining table picture y were carved with elaborate pictorial panels or simple linenfold patterns. In France the desk with lion paw legs Renaissance influence endowed the antique oak draw leaf table armoire with a wealth of columns, pilasters, canopied niches and panels carved with mythological pictures.

ARM PAD. The upholstered part of a chair arm.

ARM STUMP. The front vertical support of the how to support a large heavy mirror to a dresser arm of a chair. See Construction, Chair.

ARRAS. Tapestry, particularly as used to drape beds and walls after the smelted iron small vases/urns with motifs raised scottish design 14th Century. Derives from the wood animal shaped tables city, ARRAS, where the french louis xv style writing cylinder weavng of tapestries was a major industry in the valuing demi lune card tables Middle Ages.

ARRIS. Sharp or salient edge formed by the antique oak curved drawer chest meeting of two surfaces. Particularly the 18th century antique chairs ridge between the 1700 antique chest Channels of a Doric column. See Orders.

ARROW. Decorative the tudor side table me used in revivais of classic styles;
Renaissance and later, especially Directoire, Empire and Biedermeier.

ARROW SPINDLE. Flattened spindle with one end resembling an arrow. Found on some Sheraton chairs, and on derivative forms in American chairs of the reproduction venetian italian blackamoor side tables Federal Period.

ASH. A family of trees, the antique mother of pearl chinese wall hangings woods of many of which are used for furniture. The European ash belongs to a group which includes also olive, lilac, privet and jasmine. The olive ash burls of both England and France are exquisitely figured and capable of beautiful veneer matching. The color varies from a light honey color to a medium brown. The American ashes are used principally as lumber where great strength is required, as in upholstery frames. The wood is a very light creamy color, heavy and dense, with a prominent grain resembling oak It was used for some turnings and bent work in very early Windsoi chairs.

ASIATIC. See Oriental.

ASPEN. Species of poplar; the antique furniture for sale in wood is light in weight and color, satiny in texture. Poor structurally, but decorative as veneer.

ASSYRIAN. Assyrian decoration art was approximately contem-poraneous with the german buffet with cabinet Egyptian. Ornamental motives were borrowed, the a late 18th century gilt-metal mounted oval tortoiseshell snuffbox lotus and other naturai forms being adapted. Animal forms were more distinctive, featuring the versailles blue chairs winged buli, lion and eagle. Bronze, ivory, and gold ornaments remain; the antique oak console table claw feet wood has disappeared, so that the antique german furniture forms of Assyrian furniture are conjectural.

ASTER CARVING. On Connecticut chests, three flowers on a central panei; also sunflower carving. See Connecticut Chest.

ASTRAGAL. Small half round or convex bead moulding; mould-ing on overlapplng doors.

ATHENIENNE. Round tripod table or stand, adapted in Louis XVI and Empire period to washstands, etc.

ATLANTES. Supporting columns in the side tables with mother of pearl shape of male figures. See Caryatids.

AUBUSSON. Fine hand woven tapestries or carpets originating in the antique abattant desk French village of that name.

AUSTRIA. Austrian furniture is essentially German, following the wooden carved candle stand new design from italy Gothic phase with the george iii ash ladder back elbow chairs Renaissance influences of Italian origins. Proximity to Italy brought the antiques desk drop front american 1860 mahogany 5-drawer glass knob Italian manners but the indo persian rugs 1950 German char-acter is basie The Alpine variants of the pair bookcases antique se styles are found in Austrian furniture of the walnut rectangular table desk cabriole legs one drawer 16th and 17th centuries; oak, pine and fir in panelling, chests and beds recall the court cupboards Swiss types. High Renaissance Italian types dominated, but Austria must be considered aesthetically a German province. There are no distinet types or schools; the 1920 william mary dresser Iocal variations while highly characteristic and individual may be considered uniformly German in character.

AVODIRE. African wood of medium density and strength, light yellow color and satin-smooth texture. Extensively used in decorative veneering in modern cabinetwork.

AYOUS. Light-colored wood similar in color and markings to Prima Vera, but softer in texture.